Classifications in the world's tropics often involve an early and sustained adoption of Holarctic‐based patterns. Such is the case of the megadiverse subtribe Philonthina and its Neotropical (NT) members, for which generic limits are ill‐defined due to an alleged high level of homoplasy. Although a recent total‐evidence study confirmed the monophyly of a NT lineage, most of its species are assigned to the speciose genera Belonuchus Nordmann and Paederomimus Sharp, neither of them monophyletic. Here, we aim to reveal internal relationships within the NT lineage by the reassessment of characters from traditional morphology‐based systematics. Specific objectives are to test the monophyly of Belonuchus with regards to its only junior synonym, Musicoderus Sharp, as well as the placement of the six South American species of Hesperus Fauvel, a genus of Holarctic origin. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe with focus on its NT lineage based on 132 morphological characters (50 of them novel) including 79 taxa from genera and/or species groups relevant to our study. Most novel characters assessed herein supported clades across Philonthina and its NT lineage. We found that the NT lineage diversified into at least seven clades, each of which provides a framework for future taxonomic studies. Among them, three clades containing the type species of Belonuchus, Paederomimus and Musicoderus (respectively) appear to be well supported and not closely related. The currently known South American species of Hesperus, however, are recovered within the NT lineage. We propose to resurrect Musicoderus from synonymy with Belonuchus and to transfer Hesperus novoteutonicus to Paederomimus as a new combination: Paederomimus novoteutonicus (Wendeler), comb.n.

中文翻译：

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有偏见或新热带：对罗夫甲虫（Philonthina、Staphylinini、Staphylininae）的巨大多样性谱系的系统重新评估

世界热带地区的分类通常涉及早期和持续采用基于北极圈的模式。大型多样化亚部落 Philonthina 及其新热带 (NT) 成员就是这种情况，由于所谓的高水平同质性，其通用限制不明确。尽管最近的一项全面证据研究证实了 NT 谱系的单系性，但它的大多数物种都属于特殊属 Belonuchus Nordmann 和 Paederomimus Sharp，它们都不是单系的。在这里，我们旨在通过重新评估基于传统形态学的系统学特征来揭示 NT 谱系中的内部关系。具体目标是测试 Belonuchus 的单一性，关于其唯一的初级同义词 Musicoderus Sharp，以及 Hesperus Fauvel 的六个南美物种的位置，一个全北极起源的属。我们根据 132 个形态特征（其中 50 个是新的）包括来自与我们的研究相关的属和/或物种群的 79 个分类群，对亚部落进行了系统发育分析，重点是其 NT 谱系。此处评估的大多数新角色都支持 Philonthina 及其 NT 谱系的进化枝。我们发现 NT 谱系多样化为至少七个进化枝，每个进化枝都为未来的分类学研究提供了框架。其中，包含 Belonuchus、Paederomimus 和 Musicoderus（分别）的模式种的三个进化枝似乎得到了很好的支持，并且没有密切相关。然而，目前已知的南美洲 Hesperus 物种在 NT 谱系中被发现。