Listeria monocytogenes is a rapidly growing, Gram‐positive, facultative intracellular pathogen that has been used for over 5 decades as a model to study basic aspects of infection and immunity. In a murine intravenous infection model, immunisation with a sublethal infection of L. monocytogenes initially leads to rapid intracellular multiplication followed by clearance of the bacteria and ultimately culminates in the development of long‐lived cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) mediated by antigen‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cells. Importantly, effective immunisation requires live, replicating bacteria. In this review, we summarise the cell and immunobiology of L. monocytogenes infection and discuss aspects of its pathogenesis that we suspect lead to robust CMI. We suggest five specific features of L. monocytogenes infection that positively impact the development of CMI: (a) the bacteria have a predilection for professional antigen‐presenting cells; (b) the bacteria escape from phagosomes, grow, and secrete antigens into the host cell cytosol; (c) bacterial‐secreted proteins enter the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway of antigen processing and presentation; (d) the bacteria do not induce rapid host cell death; and (e) cytosolic bacteria induce a cytokine response that favours CMI. Collectively, these features make L. monocytogenes an attractive vaccine vector for both infectious disease applications and cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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为什么单核细胞增生李斯特菌这么强的CD8 + T细胞诱导剂？

单核细胞增生李斯特菌是一种快速增长的革兰氏阳性兼性细胞内病原体，已被用作研究感染和免疫力基本方面的模型，已有超过5年的历史。在鼠类静脉感染模型中，亚致死性单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌感染的免疫接种最初会导致细胞内快速增殖，然后清除细菌，最终达到抗原特异性介导的长寿细胞介导的免疫（CMI）的发展CD8 +细胞毒性T细胞。重要的是，有效的免疫需要活的，可复制的细菌。在这篇综述中，我们总结了单核细胞增生李斯特菌的细胞和免疫生物学感染并讨论我们怀疑可导致健壮CMI的发病机制。我们提出了单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌感染的五个特定特征，这些特征对CMI的发展有积极影响：（b）细菌从吞噬体中逃逸，生长并向宿主细胞的细胞质中分泌抗原；（c）细菌分泌的蛋白质进入抗原加工和呈递的主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I类途径; （d）细菌不会引起宿主细胞快速死亡；（e）胞质细菌诱导有利于CMI的细胞因子反应。这些特征共同使单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌成为感染性疾病应用和癌症免疫疗法的有吸引力的疫苗载体。