Intimate interactions between the armament of pathogens and their host dictate tissue and host susceptibility to infection also forging specific pathophysiological outcomes. Studying these interactions at the molecular level has provided an invaluable source of knowledge on cellular processes, as ambitioned by the Cellular Microbiology discipline when it emerged in early 90s. Bacterial toxins act on key cell regulators or membranes to produce major diseases and therefore constitute a remarkable toolbox for dissecting basic biological processes. Here, we review selected examples of recent studies on bacterial toxins illustrating how fruitful the discipline of cellular microbiology is in shaping our understanding of eukaryote processes. This ever‐renewing discipline unveils new virulence factor biochemical activities shared by eukaryotic enzymes and hidden rules of cell proteome homeostasis, a particularly promising field to interrogate the impact of proteostasis breaching in late onset human diseases. It is integrating new concepts from the physics of soft matter to capture biomechanical determinants forging cells and tissues architecture. The success of this discipline is also grounded by the development of therapeutic tools and new strategies to treat both infectious and noncommunicable human diseases.

中文翻译：

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细胞微生物学：细菌毒素干扰促进了对真核细胞功能的理解。

病原体及其宿主之间的密切相互作用决定了组织和宿主对感染的敏感性，也造就了特定的病理生理结果。在90年代初，细胞微生物学学科曾雄心勃勃地在分子水平上研究这些相互作用，从而提供了有关细胞过程的宝贵知识。细菌毒素作用于关键的细胞调节剂或膜上，从而产生重大疾病，因此构成了解剖基本生物学过程的重要工具箱。在这里，我们回顾了有关细菌毒素的最新研究的一些示例，这些例子说明了细胞微生物学的学科在塑造我们对真核生物过程的理解方面的成果。这个不断更新的学科揭示了真核酶共有的新的毒力因子生化活性和细胞蛋白质组稳态的隐藏规则，这是一个特别有希望的领域，可在以后的人类疾病中审视蛋白质突破的影响。它正在整合来自软物质物理学的新概念，以捕获锻造细胞和组织结构的生物力学决定因素。该学科的成功还基于治疗工具的发展和治疗传染性和非传染性人类疾病的新策略。它正在整合来自软物质物理学的新概念，以捕获锻造细胞和组织结构的生物力学决定因素。该学科的成功还基于治疗工具的发展和治疗传染性和非传染性人类疾病的新策略。它正在整合来自软物质物理学的新概念，以捕获锻造细胞和组织结构的生物力学决定因素。该学科的成功还基于治疗工具的发展和治疗传染性和非传染性人类疾病的新策略。