Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants has become a promising substitute for the conventional chemical synthesis methods. In the present study, our aim was to synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr₂O₃NPs) through a facile, low‐cost, eco‐friendly route using leaf extract of Rhamnus virgata (RV). The formation of Cr₂O₃NPs was confirmed and characterized by spectroscopic profile of UV–Vis, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. The UV‐visible spectroscopy has confirmed the formation of Cr₂O₃NPs by the change of color owing to surface plasmon resonance. The bioactive functional groups present in the leaf extract of RV involved in reduction and stabilization of Cr₂O₃NPs were determined by FTIR analysis. Based on XRD analysis, crystalline nature of Cr₂O₃NPs was determined. The morphological shape and elemental composition of Cr₂O₃NPs were investigated using SEM and EDX analyses, respectively. With growing applications of Cr₂O₃NPs in biological perspectives, Cr₂O₃NPs were evaluated for diverse biopotentials. Cr₂O₃NPs were further investigated for its cytotoxicity potentials against HepG2 and HUH‐7 cancer cell lines (IC₅₀: 39.66 and 45.87 μg/ml), respectively. Cytotoxicity potential of Cr₂O₃NPs was confirmed against promastigotes (IC₅₀: 33.24 μg/ml) and amastigotes (IC₅₀: 44.31 μg/ml) using Leishmania tropica (KMH₂₃). The Cr₂O₃NPs were further evaluated for antioxidants, biostatic, alpha‐amylase, and protein kinase inhibition properties. Biocompatibility assay was investigated against human macrophages which confirmed the nontoxic nature of Cr₂O₃NPs. Overall, the synthesized Cr₂O₃NPs are biocompatible and nontoxic and proved to possess significant biopotentials. In future, different in vivo studies are needed to fully investigate the cytotoxicity and mechanism of action associated with these Cr₂O₃NPs.

中文翻译：

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简便的绿色合成方法，用于生产氧化铬纳米粒子及其不同的体外生物活性。

使用植物的绿色纳米颗粒合成已成为常规化学合成方法的有希望的替代方法。在本研究中，我们的目标是使用鼠李（Rhamnus virgata（RV））的叶提取物通过一种简便，低成本，生态友好的途径合成氧化铬纳米颗粒（Cr ₂ O ₃ NPs ）。通过UV-Vis，EDX，FTIR和XRD分析的光谱轮廓证实并表征了Cr ₂ O ₃ NP的形成。紫外可见光谱已确认形成了Cr ₂ O ₃纳米粒子由于表面等离振子共振而改变颜色。通过FTIR分析确定了RV叶片提取物中存在的与Cr ₂ O ₃ NP的还原和稳定有关的生物活性官能团。基于XRD分析，确定了Cr ₂ O ₃ NP的晶体性质。分别使用SEM和EDX分析法研究了Cr ₂ O ₃ NPs的形态和元素组成。含Cr的增长的应用₂ ö _3个纳米颗粒在生物视角，铬_2个ö ₃纳米颗粒被用于生物电势不同的评价。铬₂ O ₃进一步研究了NPs对HepG2和HUH-7癌细胞系的细胞毒性潜能（IC ₅₀：39.66和45.87μg/ ml）。使用热带利什曼原虫（KMH ₂₃）证实了Cr ₂ O ₃ NPs对前鞭毛体（IC ₅₀：33.24μg/ ml）和扁桃体（IC ₅₀：44.31μg/ ml）的细胞毒性潜力。进一步评估了Cr ₂ O ₃ NP的抗氧化剂，生物活性剂，α-淀粉酶和蛋白激酶抑制特性。研究了针对人类巨噬细胞的生物相容性测定法，该方法证实了Cr ₂ O ₃的无毒性质NP。总体而言，合成的Cr ₂ O ₃ NP具有生物相容性且无毒，被证明具有重要的生物潜能。将来，需要进行不同的体内研究来全面研究与这些Cr ₂ O ₃ NP相关的细胞毒性和作用机理。