Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially methane (CH4 ), from manure storage facilities can be substantial. Methane production requires adapted microbial communities ("inoculum") to be present in the manure. Complete removal of liquid dairy manure (thus removing all inoculum) from storage tanks in the spring has been shown to significantly reduce CH4 emissions over the following warm season. This study examined whether the same mitigation effect would occur after fall removal of liquid dairy manure. Emissions of CH4 , nitrous oxide (N2 O), ammonia (NH3 ), and CO2 were measured from six 11.88-m3 tanks equipped with flow-through chambers. There were three inoculated controls (20% inoculum) and three uninoculated treatments, where inoculum was completely removed in the fall/winter (0% inoculum). Direct N2 O and NH3 (indirect N2 O) were minor contributors to the total GHG budget, contributing <2% on a CO2 equivalent (CO2 e) basis. Removal of inoculum led to a 34% decrease in total emissions on a CO2 e basis and to a 29% decrease in the CH4 conversion factor compared with the inoculated control (0.37 vs. 0.52; p = .01). Overall, removing inoculum in the fall reduced CH4 emissions from manure storage tanks; however, fall inoculum removal was less effective than in a previous study where inoculum was removed in the spring. The timing of inoculum removal may affect the efficiency of this CH4 mitigation strategy. However, this method may be impractical for larger manure storage tanks. Further study is required to overcome challenges of time-sensitive, complete inoculum removal from farm-scale storage tanks.

中文翻译：

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越冬是否会改变接种物对储存液体粪便中甲烷排放的影响？

来自粪便储存设施的温室气体 (GHG) 排放量，尤其是甲烷 (CH4) 排放量可能很大。甲烷生产需要粪便中存在适应的微生物群落（“接种物”）。春季从储罐中完全清除液态乳粪（从而清除所有接种物）已被证明可以在接下来的温暖季节显着减少 CH4 排放。本研究检验了在秋季去除液态乳粪后是否会产生相同的缓解效果。CH4、一氧化二氮 (N2O)、氨 (NH3) 和 CO2 的排放是从六个配备流通室的 11.88 立方米储罐中测量的。有三个接种对照（20% 接种量）和三个未接种处理，其中接种物在秋季/冬季完全去除（0% 接种量）。直接 N2 O 和 NH3（间接 N2 O）是温室气体总预算的次要贡献者，在二氧化碳当量 (CO2 e) 基础上贡献 <2%。与接种对照相比，去除接种物导致以 CO2 e 为基础的总排放量减少 34%，CH4 转换因子减少 29%（0.37 对 0.52；p = .01）。总体而言，秋季去除接种物减少了粪便储罐中的 CH4 排放；然而，秋季接种物的去除效果不如之前在春季去除接种物的研究。接种物去除的时间可能会影响这种 CH4 缓解策略的效率。然而，这种方法对于较大的粪便储存罐可能不切实际。需要进一步研究以克服从农场规模的储罐中去除时间敏感、完全接种物的挑战。