Rhamnolipid is a nontoxic and biodegradable bioproduct that offers sustainable solutions in agricultural, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and refinery applications. Its imminent uses in agriculture warrant thorough investigations of rhamnolipid interactions with plants. In this work, the effects of rhamnolipid on soybeans during imbibition and germination under different conditions were studied. Seed coat was determined to serve as the main barrier that regulates water imbibition, and rhamnolipid at 2 g L⁻¹ was found to increase the imbibition rate to 16.1 (% dry bean weight)/h from 12.6% h⁻¹ at 0 g L⁻¹ rhamnolipid in intact soybeans for 0.5–5 h, when the soybean weight increased almost linearly due to the constant permeation rate through hydrated seed coat. Rhamnolipid, however, did not transport freely into beans; only about 50% of the rhamnolipid carried in the volume of water imbibed was absorbed by beans. Two different studies showed that absorbed rhamnolipid, from up to 1.5 g L⁻¹ solutions, did not affect the germination percentages in wet cloths and soil pots. However, an additional study with constant (7‐day) exposure of germinating beans to more concentrated rhamnolipid solutions indicated a slight decrease of germination percentage, down to ~85% at 20 g L⁻¹ rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipid had far more pronounced effects on root development. At high concentrations (5–20 g L⁻¹), rhamnolipid severely stunted the root growth, causing reduced root and shoot weights and visible browning and damages of roots; however, low (0.5–1 g L⁻¹) concentrations of rhamnolipid stimulated higher lateral root development while reducing the primary root extension, causing no change in the overall root or shoot weight. The findings indicated complex rhamnolipid interactions with soybeans and warranted further study while developing agricultural applications of rhamnolipid.

中文翻译：

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鼠李糖脂对大豆水分吸收，萌发和初始根与芽生长的影响

鼠李糖脂是一种无毒且可生物降解的生物产品，可在农业，制药，化妆品和炼油厂应用中提供可持续的解决方案。它在农业中的即将使用需要对鼠李糖脂与植物的相互作用进行彻底的研究。在这项工作中，研究了鼠李糖脂在不同条件下的吸收和萌发过程中对大豆的影响。确定种皮是调节水吸收的主要障碍，鼠李糖脂的含量为2 g L ^-1时，吸收率从0 g L时的12.6％h ^-1增加到16.1（干豆重量％）/ h。^-1完整大豆中的鼠李糖脂持续0.5-5小时，这是由于通过水合种皮的恒定渗透率使大豆重量几乎呈线性增加。然而，鼠李糖脂并不能自由地运输到豆类中。豆类仅吸收了所吸收的鼠李糖脂中约50％的水。两项不同的研究表明，从高达1.5 g L ^-1的溶液中吸收鼠李糖脂，不会影响湿布和土壤盆中的发芽率。但是，另一项关于将发芽豆持续（7天）暴露于浓度更高的鼠李糖脂溶液中的研究表明，发芽率略有降低，在20 g L ^-1鼠李糖脂中降至约85％。鼠李糖脂对根的发育有更明显的影响。高浓度（5–20 g L^-1），鼠李糖脂严重阻碍了根的生长，导致根和芽的重量减少，可见的褐变和根的损害；然而，鼠李糖脂的低浓度（0.5–1 g L ^-1）刺激了较高的侧根发育，同时减少了初生根的延伸，从而不会改变总根或苗重。这些发现表明鼠李糖脂与大豆具有复杂的相互作用，并有待在鼠李糖脂的农业应用中进一步研究。