ABSTRACT

Traditional optical lenses and the corresponding imaging systems, which are based on the optical paths when light propagates inside the bulky media, usually suffer from the bulky size, Abbe-Rayleigh diffraction restricted resolution, and limited responses to different kinds of incident light. Recently, the burgeoning development of metasurfaces comprised of artificial micro- or nano-structures at the subwavelength scale has drawn more and more attentions of the scientific community due to the intriguing abilities such as efficient light–matter interactions and multi-dimensional manipulation of optical waves, which provide profound potentials to realize functional metalens with an ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA) and with super-resolution focal spots on a compact size. Here, the research motivations, the broad outline and the recent advances of planar diffractive metalens are summarized, including the principles of metalens design, the basic components of metalens, and the development of metalens systems. Various approaches to remove the focusing aberrations are presented, which is the essential condition to realize metalens objectives and microscopy. Different types of novel metalenses are revealed, such as label-free sub-resolution metalens, nonlinear metalens, artificial intelligence-aided metalens, multifunctional metalens and reconfigurable metalens. Challenges and future goals are also presented at the end the review.

摘要

传统的光学透镜和相应的成像系统基于光在大体积介质内部传播时的光路，通常会受到体积大，阿贝-瑞利衍射限制的分辨率以及对不同种类的入射光响应有限的困扰。近来，由亚微尺度的人造微结构或纳米结构组成的超颖表面的迅速发展，由于其有效的光-物质相互作用和光波的多维操纵等吸引人的能力，引起了科学界的越来越多的关注。 ，它具有实现具有超高数值孔径（NA）和紧凑尺寸的超分辨率焦点的功能金属的巨大潜力。在这里，研究动机，总结了平面衍射金属元素的概述和最新进展，包括金属元素设计原理，金属元素的基本组成和金属元素体系的发展。提出了消除聚焦像差的各种方法，这是实现金属物镜和显微镜的必要条件。揭示了不同类型的新型金属感，例如无标签的亚分辨率金属感，非线性金属感，人工智能辅助金属感，多功能金属感和可重构金属感。审查结束时还将提出挑战和未来目标。提出了消除聚焦像差的各种方法，这是实现金属物镜和显微镜的必要条件。揭示了不同类型的新型金属感，例如无标记的亚分辨率金属感，非线性金属感，人工智能辅助金属感，多功能金属感和可重构金属感。审查结束时还将提出挑战和未来目标。提出了消除聚焦像差的各种方法，这是实现金属物镜和显微镜的必要条件。揭示了不同类型的新型金属感，例如无标记的亚分辨率金属感，非线性金属感，人工智能辅助金属感，多功能金属感和可重构金属感。审查结束时还将提出挑战和未来目标。