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Hyperosmotic stress in Chlamydomonas induces metabolomic changes in biosynthesis of complex lipids
European Journal of Phycology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-05 , DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2019.1637547
Zipora Tietel 1 , William R. Wikoff 1 , Tobias Kind 1 , Yan Ma 1 , Oliver Fiehn 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT To study the early stress response of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-503, we exposed cells to hyperosmotic conditions for a period of 5 hours, sampling at eight time points. We performed metabolomic analysis of primary metabolism using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF MS), and lipidomic analysis by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CSH-QTOF MS). Under hyperosmotic stress, many mono- and disaccharides increased along with the concentrations of sugar alcohols similar to osmoprotectants in higher plants. The levels of 13 proteinogenic amino acids increased, suggesting increased biosynthesis over the course of 5 hours, which is clearly a slower response than carbohydrate metabolism. TCA cycle compounds decreased in a tightly co-regulated manner under hyperosmotic stress as a cataplerotic reaction to provide carbon backbones for amino acid biosynthesis. Of note, levels of free palmitoyl-compounds (palmitic acid and monopalmitin) decreased over the stress time course in an opposite pattern to the increase in stearoyl compounds. Triglycerides that increased in concentration under osmotic stress were on average three carbons longer and had four more double bonds compared with triglycerides that remained unchanged. Along with the difference in C18-fatty acids compared with C16-fatty acids, these changes may indicate a specific activation of elongases and desaturases or remodelling from membrane acyl-lipids towards triacylglcyerides.

中文翻译:

衣藻中的高渗应激诱导复杂脂质生物合成的代谢组学变化

摘要 为了研究绿色微藻莱茵衣藻 CC-503 的早期应激反应,我们将细胞暴露在高渗条件下 5 小时,在八个时间点取样。我们使用气相色谱/飞行时间质谱 (GC-TOF MS) 对初级代谢进行代谢组学分析,并通过液相色谱/四极杆飞行时间质谱 (CSH-QTOF MS) 进行脂质组学分析。在高渗胁迫下,许多单糖和二糖随着糖醇浓度的增加而增加,类似于高等植物中的渗透保护剂。13 种蛋白质氨基酸的水平增加,表明在 5 小时内生物合成增加,这显然是比碳水化合物代谢更慢的反应。TCA 循环化合物在高渗胁迫下以紧密协同调节的方式减少,作为一种催化反应,为氨基酸生物合成提供碳骨架。值得注意的是,游离棕榈酰化合物(棕榈酸和单棕榈酸)的水平在压力时间过程中以与硬脂酰化合物增加相反的模式下降。与保持不变的甘油三酯相比,在渗透胁迫下浓度增加的甘油三酯平均长三个碳,多四个双键。除了与 C16 脂肪酸相比 C18 脂肪酸的差异外,这些变化可能表明延长酶和去饱和酶的特定激活或从膜酰基脂质向三酰基甘油酯的重塑。游离棕榈酰化合物(棕榈酸和单棕榈酸)的水平在压力时间过程中以与硬脂酰化合物增加相反的模式下降。与保持不变的甘油三酯相比,在渗透胁迫下浓度增加的甘油三酯平均长三个碳,多四个双键。除了与 C16 脂肪酸相比 C18 脂肪酸的差异外,这些变化可能表明延长酶和去饱和酶的特定激活或从膜酰基脂质向三酰基甘油酯的重塑。游离棕榈酰化合物(棕榈酸和单棕榈酸)的水平在压力时间过程中以与硬脂酰化合物增加相反的模式下降。与保持不变的甘油三酯相比,在渗透胁迫下浓度增加的甘油三酯平均长三个碳,多四个双键。除了与 C16 脂肪酸相比 C18 脂肪酸的差异外,这些变化可能表明延长酶和去饱和酶的特定激活或从膜酰基脂质向三酰基甘油酯的重塑。与保持不变的甘油三酯相比,在渗透胁迫下浓度增加的甘油三酯平均长三个碳,多四个双键。除了与 C16 脂肪酸相比 C18 脂肪酸的差异外,这些变化可能表明延长酶和去饱和酶的特定激活或从膜酰基脂质向三酰基甘油酯的重塑。与保持不变的甘油三酯相比,在渗透胁迫下浓度增加的甘油三酯平均长三个碳,多四个双键。除了与 C16 脂肪酸相比 C18 脂肪酸的差异外,这些变化可能表明延长酶和去饱和酶的特定激活或从膜酰基脂质向三酰基甘油酯的重塑。
更新日期:2019-09-05
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