Introduction: Mutant KRAS is a genetic driver of multiple cancers that has challenged clinical anti-cancer therapeutics in the last 3 decades. Neo-antigens encoded by KRAS mutations have been identified as tumor-specific with high immunogenicity and can be used to deliver precision cancer vaccines to promote anti-tumor immune responses. KRAS mutation-based cancer vaccines have produced encouraging preclinical and clinical results. Cancer vaccines represent a promising approach to treat KRAS-driven cancers.

Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the development and progress of vaccines targeting KRAS and evaluate their potential benefits and obstacles in the current landscape of therapy for KRAS-driven cancers.

Expert opinion: KRAS mutation-based cancer vaccines can induce immunogenicity in patients with KRAS-driven cancers. However, the mechanisms of tumor suppression including cellular and molecular factors within the tumor microenvironment may limit vaccine efficacy. Combining KRAS-driven therapeutic cancer vaccines with other methods and adjuvants can circumvent immunosuppression and promote therapeutic successes.

简介：突变KRAS是多种癌症的遗传驱动因素，在过去的30年中，它已经挑战了临床抗癌疗法。由KRAS突变编码的新抗原已被鉴定为具有高免疫原性的肿瘤特异性抗原，可用于递送精密的癌症疫苗以促进抗肿瘤免疫反应。基于KRAS突变的癌症疫苗已产生令人鼓舞的临床前和临床结果。癌症疫苗代表着一种有前途的方法来治疗KRAS驱动的癌症。

涵盖的领域：在这篇综述中，我们总结了针对KRAS的疫苗的开发和进展，并评估了其在当前KRAS驱动的癌症治疗前景中的潜在利益和障碍。

专家意见：基于KRAS突变的癌症疫苗可以诱导KRAS驱动的癌症患者的免疫原性。但是，包括肿瘤微环境中的细胞和分子因素在内的肿瘤抑制机制可能会限制疫苗的功效。将KRAS驱动的治疗性癌症疫苗与其他方法和佐剂结合使用可以规避免疫抑制并促进治疗成功。