Spondyloarthritis, characterized by inflammation of the spine and peripheral joints, includes a range of diseases such as axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis and enteropathic arthritis.^1,2 AxSpA is a chronic inflammatory disease with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. It represents a spectrum of disease, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS, also known as radiographic axSpA) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA).^3,4 According to the 1984 modified New York criteria, definitive radiographic sacroiliitis is required for the classification of AS.⁵ However, it has become apparent that this occurs late in the disease course for many patients and signs of inflammation in the sacroiliac joints and spine can be detected much earlier using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with nr-axSpA may also show some evidence of spinal radiographic damage although the extent of damage is less than that reported in patients with AS.⁶

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轴向性脊柱关节炎患者的生物疗法和脊柱放射学进展：结构性文献综述

脊柱关节炎的特征是脊柱和周围关节的炎症，包括一系列疾病，例如轴向脊椎关节炎（axSpA），银屑病关节炎，反应性关节炎和肠病性关节炎。^1,2 AxSpA是一种慢性炎症性疾病，其临床表型不一，主要影响the关节和脊柱。它代表了一系列疾病，包括强直性脊柱炎（AS，也称为X线摄影axSpA）和非X线摄影性轴向脊椎关节炎（nr-axSpA）。^3,4根据1984年修改后的纽约标准，对AS进行分类需要明确的放射影像学sa骨炎。⁵但是，很明显，这种情况发生在许多患者的病程晚期，并且可以使用磁共振成像（MRI）更早地检测出sa关节和脊柱的炎症迹象。nr-axSpA患者也可能显示出一些脊柱放射学损害的证据，尽管损害程度小于AS患者所报道的程度。⁶