Reactivity controlled compression ignition concept has been highlighted among the low temperature combustion strategies. However, this combustion strategy presents some problems related to high levels of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at low load and high-pressure rise rate at high load. Therefore, to diminish these limitations, the dual-mode dual-fuel concept has been presented as an excellent alternative. This concept uses two fuels of different reactivity and switches from a dual-fuel fully premixed strategy (based on the reactivity controlled compression ignition concept) during low load to a diffusive nature during high load operation. However, the success of dual-mode dual-fuel concept depends to a large extent on the low reactivity/high reactivity fuel ratio and the injection settings. In this study, parametric variations of injection pressure and injection timing were experimentally performed to analyze the effect over each combustion process that encompasses the dual-mode dual-fuel concept and its consequent impact on gaseous and particles emissions, including an analysis of particle size distribution. The experimental results confirm how the use of an adequate injection strategy is indispensable to obtain low exhaust emission and a balance between the different pollutants. In the fully premixed reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy, the particles concentrations were dominated by nucleation mode; however, the increase in injection pressure and the advance of the diesel main injection timing provided a simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxide and solid particles (accumulation mode). During the highly premixed reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy, the accumulation-mode particles increased, and their concentrations were higher when the diesel main injection timing advanced and injection pressure decreased, as well as there was a slight increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Finally, in the dual-fuel diffusion strategy, the concentrations of accumulation-mode particles were higher and there was a considerable increase of these particles with the advance of the diesel main injection timing and the reduction of the injection pressure, while the nitrogen oxide emissions decreased.

中文翻译：

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双模式双燃料概念中喷射设置对气体排放和粒度分布的影响

在低温燃烧策略中，反应性控制的压燃概念已经得到强调。然而，这种燃烧策略存在一些与低负荷时高水平的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳排放以及高负荷时高压上升率相关的问题。因此，为了减少这些限制，双模式双燃料概念已被提出作为一个很好的替代方案。该概念使用两种不同反应性的燃料，并从低负载期间的双燃料完全预混策略（基于反应性控制的压缩点火概念）切换到高负载运行期间的扩散性质。然而，双模式双燃料概念的成功在很大程度上取决于低反应性/高反应性燃料比和喷射设置。在这项研究中，通过实验执行喷射压力和喷射正时的参数变化，以分析每个燃烧过程的影响，包括双模式双燃料概念及其对气体和颗粒排放的影响，包括对颗粒尺寸分布的分析。实验结果证实了使用适当的喷射策略对于获得低排放和不同污染物之间的平衡是必不可少的。在完全预混反应性控制的压缩点火策略中，粒子浓度受成核模式支配；然而，喷射压力的增加和柴油主喷射时间的提前提供了氮氧化物和固体颗粒的同时减少（积累模式）。在高预混反应控制压燃策略中，随着柴油主喷射时间提前和喷射压力降低，累积模式颗粒增加，并且其浓度更高，同时氮氧化物排放量略有增加。最后，在双燃料扩散策略中，累积模式颗粒浓度较高，并且随着柴油主喷射时间的提前和喷射压力的降低，这些颗粒有相当大的增加，而氮氧化物排放减少了。以及氮氧化物排放量略有增加。最后，在双燃料扩散策略中，累积模式颗粒浓度较高，并且随着柴油主喷射时间的提前和喷射压力的降低，这些颗粒有相当大的增加，而氮氧化物排放减少了。以及氮氧化物排放量略有增加。最后，在双燃料扩散策略中，累积模式颗粒浓度较高，并且随着柴油主喷射时间的提前和喷射压力的降低，这些颗粒有相当大的增加，而氮氧化物排放减少了。