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Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India
Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-02 , DOI: 10.1177/0309133319871941
Wout M van Dijk 1 , Alexander L Densmore 2 , Christopher R Jackson 3 , Jonathan D Mackay 3 , Suneel K Joshi 4 , Rajiv Sinha 4 , Shashank Shekhar 5 , Sanjeev Gupta 6
Affiliation  

Unsustainable exploitation of groundwater in northwestern India has led to extreme but spatially variable depletion of the alluvial aquifer system in the region. Mitigation and management of groundwater resources require an understanding of the drivers behind the pattern and magnitude of groundwater depletion, but a regional perspective on these drivers has been lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) understand the extent to which the observed pattern of groundwater level change can be explained by the drivers of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, abstraction, and canal irrigation, and (2) understand how the impacts of these drivers may vary depending on the underlying geological heterogeneity of the system. We used a transfer function-noise (TFN) time series approach to quantify the effect of the various driver components in the period 1974–2010, based on predefined impulse response functions (θ). The dynamic response to abstraction, summarized by the zeroth moment of the response M0, is spatially variable but is generally large across the proximal and middle parts of the study area, particularly where abstraction is high but alluvial aquifer bodies are less abundant. In contrast, the precipitation response is rapid and fairly uniform across the study area. At larger distances from the Himalayan front, observed groundwater level rise can be explained predominantly by canal irrigation. We conclude that the geological heterogeneity of the aquifer system, which is imposed by the geomorphic setting, affects the response of the aquifer system to the imposed drivers. This heterogeneity thus provides a useful framework that can guide mitigation efforts; for example, efforts to decrease abstraction rates should be focused on areas with thinner and less abundant aquifer bodies.

中文翻译:

印度西北部枯竭冲积含水层系统中地下水对多种驱动因素的响应的空间变化

印度西北部不可持续的地下水开采导致该地区冲积含水层系统极度但空间可变的枯竭。地下水资源的减缓和管理需要了解地下水枯竭模式和程度背后的驱动因素,但一直缺乏对这些驱动因素的区域视角。本研究的目的是 (1) 了解观测到的地下水位变化模式在多大程度上可以通过降水、潜在蒸散、取水和运河灌溉的驱动因素来解释,以及 (2) 了解这些因素的影响驱动因素可能因系统的潜在地质异质性而异。我们使用传递函数-噪声 (TFN) 时间序列方法根据预定义的脉冲响应函数 (θ) 量化 1974-2010 年期间各种驱动器组件的影响。由响应 M0 的零阶矩总结的对取水的动态响应在空间上是可变的,但在研究区域的近端和中部通常很大,特别是在取水量高但冲积含水层较少的地方。相比之下,整个研究区域的降水响应迅速且相当均匀。在距喜马拉雅山前缘较远的地方,观察到的地下水位上升主要可以通过运河灌溉来解释。我们得出结论,由地貌环境强加的含水层系统的地质异质性,影响含水层系统对强加驱动因素的响应。因此,这种异质性提供了一个有用的框架,可以指导缓解工作;例如,降低取水率的努力应集中在含水层体较薄且储量较少的地区。
更新日期:2019-09-02
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