A seminal paper in biogeography is reviewed. Whittaker’s 1956 paper in Ecological Monographs introduced gradient analysis as a conceptual framework. This approach replaced community classification as the preferred methodology among US ecologists and biogeographers. It later developed into the foundation for species distribution modeling. Although the paper underlies a continuing rift between US and European scientists, both groups recognize its importance for relating ecological processes to geographical patterns.

中文翻译：

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基础生物地理学：大雾山植被（生态专着，26：1–80，1956 年），Robert H. Whittaker

审查了生物地理学中的开创性论文。Whittaker 1956 年发表在 Ecological Monographs 上的论文介绍了梯度分析作为概念框架。这种方法取代了社区分类，成为美国生态学家和生物地理学家的首选方法。它后来发展成为物种分布建模的基础。尽管这篇论文是美国和欧洲科学家之间持续分歧的基础，但两个团体都认识到它对于将生态过程与地理模式联系起来的重要性。