This paper examines whether localized clusters of similar industries produce agglomeration economies in the formal and informal sectors. We develop a Bayesian method to estimate a spatial autoregressive model with an endogenous independent variable. We use establishment-level census data that cover both formal registered and informal unregistered establishments in Cambodia. We find that the density of local employment has a significantly positive effect on productivity in the informal sector, but little effect in the formal sector. For manufacturing, a doubling of employment density increases productivity in the informal sector by 9% through local linkages and by 17% through spatial multiplier linkages, leading to a 26% increase in total. A spatial network magnifies the local impact of agglomeration economies in the informal sector.

中文翻译：

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正规和非正规部门的集聚经济：贝叶斯空间方法‡

本文考察了类似产业的本地化集群是否会在正规和非正规部门产生集聚经济。我们开发了一种贝叶斯方法来估计具有内生自变量的空间自回归模型。我们使用涵盖柬埔寨正式注册和非正式未注册机构的机构级人口普查数据。我们发现当地就业密度对非正规部门的生产率有显着的积极影响，但对正规部门的影响不大。对于制造业而言，就业密度增加一倍，通过地方联系将非正规部门的生产率提高 9%，通过空间乘数联系提高 17%，从而使总生产率提高 26%。空间网络放大了非正规部门集聚经济对当地的影响。