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Small regulatory noncoding RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster: biogenesis and biological functions.
Briefings in Functional Genomics ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa005
Saeed Soleimani , Zahra Valizadeh Arshad , Sharif Moradi , Ali Ahmadi , Seyed Javad Davarpanah , Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi

RNA interference (RNAi) is an important phenomenon that has diverse genetic regulatory functions at the pre- and posttranscriptional levels. The major trigger for the RNAi pathway is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). dsRNA is processed to generate various types of major small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that include microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). Functionally, these small ncRNAs play critical roles in virtually all biological systems and developmental pathways. Identification and processing of dsRNAs and activation of RNAi machinery are the three major academic interests that surround RNAi research. Mechanistically, some of the important biological functions of RNAi are achieved through: (i) supporting genomic stability via degradation of foreign viral genomes; (ii) suppressing the movement of transposable elements and, most importantly, (iii) post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by miRNAs that contribute to regulation of epigenetic modifications such as heterochromatin formation and genome imprinting. Here, we review various routes of small ncRNA biogenesis, as well as different RNAi-mediated pathways in D. melanogaster with a particular focus on signaling pathways. In addition, a critical discussion of the most relevant and latest findings that concern the significant contribution of small ncRNAs to the regulation of D. melanogaster physiology and pathophysiology is presented.

中文翻译:

果蝇中的小型调节性非编码RNA:生物发生和生物学功能。

RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种重要现象,在转录前和转录后的水平上具有多种遗传调控功能。RNAi途径的主要触发因素是双链RNA(dsRNA)。对dsRNA进行处理以生成各种类型的主要小非编码RNA(ncRNA),包括果蝇(D. melanogaster)中的microRNA(miRNA),小干扰RNA(siRNA)和PIWI相互作用RNA(piRNA)。在功能上,这些小的ncRNA在几乎所有生物系统和发育途径中都起着关键作用。dsRNA的鉴定和加工以及RNAi机制的激活是围绕RNAi研究的三个主要学术兴趣。从机理上讲,RNAi的一些重要生物学功能是通过以下方式实现的:(i)通过降解外来病毒基因组来支持基因组稳定性;(ii)抑制转座因子的运动,最重要的是(iii)miRNA转录后调控基因表达,有助于调控表观遗传修饰,例如异染色质形成和基因组印迹。在这里,我们审查了小ncRNA生物发生的各种途径,以及黑腹果蝇中不同的RNAi介导的途径,特别着重于信号传导途径。此外,提出了有关最相关和最新发现的批判性讨论,这些发现涉及小型ncRNA对黑腹果蝇D. melanogaster生理学和病理生理学调节的重大贡献。(iii)miRNA的转录后调控,有助于调控表观遗传修饰,如异染色质形成和基因组印迹。在这里,我们审查了小ncRNA生物发生的各种途径,以及黑腹果蝇中不同的RNAi介导的途径,特别着重于信号传导途径。此外,提出了有关最相关和最新发现的批判性讨论,这些发现涉及小型ncRNA对黑腹果蝇D. melanogaster生理学和病理生理学调节的重大贡献。(iii)miRNA的转录后调控,有助于调控表观遗传修饰,例如异染色质形成和基因组印迹。在这里,我们审查了小ncRNA生物发生的各种途径,以及黑腹果蝇中不同的RNAi介导的途径,特别着重于信号传导途径。此外,提出了有关最相关的最新发现的批判性讨论,这些发现涉及小ncRNA对D. melanogaster生理和病理生理的调控的重大贡献。
更新日期:2020-03-30
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