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Males evolve to be more harmful under increased sexual conflict intensity in a seed beetle
Behavioral Ecology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-28 , DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz186
Kathryn B McNamara 1, 2 , Nadia S Sloan 1 , Sian E Kershaw 1 , Emile van Lieshout 1 , Leigh W Simmons 1
Affiliation  

One conspicuous manifestation of sexual conflict is traumatic mating, in which male genitalia damage the female during copulation. The penis of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, is covered in spines that damage the female reproductive tract. Females kick males ostensibly to shorten these harmful copulations. How these iconic conflict behaviors coevolve in response to sexual conflict intensity can provide insight into the economics of these traits. We examined whether male harm and female resistance coevolved in response to elevated sexual conflict. We quantified copulation behavior and female reproductive tract damage of individuals from replicated populations evolving for 32 generations under low or high sexual conflict (female- and male-biased treatments, respectively). First, we permitted females ad libitum matings with males from either sex-ratio treatment, recording her tract damage and longevity. Second, we performed a full-factorial cross of matings by males and females from each of the replicate populations, recording mating and kicking duration and reproductive output. We found manipulation of sexual conflict intensity led to the evolution of male harmfulness, but not female resistance to harm. We also demonstrate that female kicking does not respond to sexual conflict intensity, suggesting it does not function to mitigate male harm in this species. Our findings demonstrate the complexities of behavioral and morphological coevolutionary responses to sexual conflict intensity in an important model species.

中文翻译:

在种子甲虫的性冲突强度增加的情况下,雄性进化为更具危害性

性冲突的一种明显表现是交配,其中男性生殖器在交配时会损害女性。种子甲虫的阴茎被覆盖在会损害雌性生殖道的刺中。女性表面上踢男性以缩短这些有害的交配。这些标志性的冲突行为如何响应性冲突强度而演变,从而可以洞悉这些特征的经济性。我们检查了男性伤害和女性抵抗是否会随着对性冲突的加剧而共同发展。我们量化了在低或高性冲突(分别由女性和男性歧视的治疗)下进化了32代的复制人群的个体的交配行为和女性生殖道损害。第一,我们允许通过性别比治疗使雌性与雄性随意交配,记录其道损伤和寿命。其次,我们对每个重复种群中的雄性和雌性进行了全因子交配,记录了交配和持续时间以及生殖产量。我们发现操纵性冲突的强度导致了男性危害的演变,但没有女性抵抗危害的演变。我们还证明,女性踢腿不会对性冲突的强度做出反应,这表明该踢腿不能减轻男性对该物种的伤害。我们的发现证明了重要模型物种对性冲突强度的行为和形态协同进化反应的复杂性。我们对来自每个重复种群的雄性和雌性进行了全因子交配,记录了交配和持续时间以及生殖产量。我们发现,对性冲突强度的操纵导致了对男性有害的进化,但对女性的危害却没有抵抗力。我们还证明,女性踢腿不会对性冲突的强度做出反应,这表明该踢腿不能减轻男性对该物种的伤害。我们的发现证明了重要模型物种对性冲突强度的行为和形态协同进化反应的复杂性。我们对来自每个重复种群的雄性和雌性进行了全因子交配,记录了交配和持续时间以及生殖产量。我们发现操纵性冲突的强度导致了男性危害的演变,但没有女性抵抗危害的演变。我们还证明了女性踢腿不会对性冲突的强度做出反应,这表明该踢腿不能减轻男性对该物种的伤害。我们的发现证明了重要模型物种对性冲突强度的行为和形态协同进化反应的复杂性。但女性没有抵抗伤害的能力。我们还证明了女性踢腿不会对性冲突的强度做出反应,这表明该踢腿不能减轻男性对该物种的伤害。我们的发现证明了重要模型物种对性冲突强度的行为和形态协同进化反应的复杂性。但女性没有抵抗伤害的能力。我们还证明了女性踢腿不会对性冲突的强度做出反应,这表明该踢腿不能减轻男性对该物种的伤害。我们的发现证明了重要模型物种对性冲突强度的行为和形态协同进化反应的复杂性。
更新日期:2020-03-28
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