In recent years there has been a growing interest in electronic design automation methodologies for the optimization-based design of radio frequency (RF) circuits and systems. While for simple circuits several successful methodologies have been proposed, these very same methodologies exhibit significant deficiencies when the complexity of the circuit is increased. The majority of the published methodologies that can tackle RF systems are either based on high-level system specification tools or use models to estimate the system performances. Hence, such approaches do not usually provide the desired accuracy for RF systems. In this paper, a methodology based on hierarchical multilevel bottom-up design approaches is presented, where multiobjective optimization algorithms are used to design an entire RF system from the passive component level up to the system level. Furthermore, each level of the hierarchy is simulated with the highest accuracy possible: electromagnetic simulation accuracy at device-level and electrical simulations at circuit/system-level.

中文翻译：

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用于射频系统自动合成的多级自下而上优化方法

近年来，人们对基于优化的射频 (RF) 电路和系统设计的电子设计自动化方法越来越感兴趣。虽然对于简单的电路已经提出了几种成功的方法，但是当电路的复杂性增加时，这些非常相同的方法表现出明显的缺陷。大多数可以处理 RF 系统的已发布方法要么基于高级系统规范工具，要么使用模型来估计系统性能。因此，此类方法通常无法为 RF 系统提供所需的精度。在本文中，提出了一种基于分层多级自底向上设计方法的方法，其中多目标优化算法用于设计从无源元件级到系统级的整个 RF 系统。此外，层次结构的每个级别都以尽可能高的精度进行仿真：设备级的电磁仿真精度和电路/系统级的电气仿真。