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Planning for active management of future invasive pests affecting urban forests: the ecological and economic effects of varying Dutch elm disease management practices for street trees in Milwaukee, WI USA
Urban Ecosystems ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-00976-6
Richard J. Hauer , Ian S. Hanou , David Sivyer

The effects of Dutch elm disease (DED, Ophiostoma novi-ulmi) on 106,738 American elm (Ulmus americana L.) trees in Milwaukee WI, USA was contrasted through ecologic and economic results of an Actual Outcome to management alternatives of No Control, three sanitation intensities (Best, Good, Fair), and No DED over 40 years. No Control was like the Actual Outcome with over 99% of trees dead. The greatest loss of ecosystem values and lowest net present value (NPV) and benefit to cost ratio (B/C) occurred with the Actual ($8 to $80 million NPV, 0.8 to 1.1 B/C) and No Control ($-7 to $57 million NPV, 0.7 to 0.9 B/C) alternatives. Best Control (1.0% annual mortality) retained the highest tree population (50% survival) and ecosystem value ($161 to $175 million NPV, 1.2 to 2.5 B/C). Good Control (3.5% annual mortality) and Fair Control (5.0% annual mortality) were better alternatives than No Control or the Actual Outcome with 21% and 12% of trees respectively surviving. Not surprising, a No DED scenario retained the highest ecosystem value ($202 to $257 Million NPV, 2.0 to 3.4 BC) with 70% tree survival. The value of stormwater maintained by trees under the Best Control was like the annual cost of this alternative. All other ecosystem values (e.g., air pollution, energy conservation, carbon uptake and storage) were thus retained at no additional cost. This study provides forest pest and disease management strategies for other serious pest problems such as emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) threatening urban tree populations.

中文翻译:

积极管理影响城市森林的未来入侵害虫的规划:美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市街头树木的各种荷兰榆树疾病管理措施的生态和经济影响

荷兰榆病(DED,Ophiostoma novi -ulmi)对106,738美洲榆树(Ulmus americana)的影响美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市的L.)树木通过一项实际结果的生态和经济结果与40年内无控制,三种卫生强度(最佳,良好,一般)和无DED的管理替代方案进行了对比。没有控制就像实际结果那样,超过99%的树木死亡。生态系统价值的最大损失和最低净现值(NPV)以及成本效益比(B / C)发生在实际成本(NPV为8到8000万美元,B / C为0.8到1.1)和没有控制(-7美元$ 5,700万美元的NPV,0.7至0.9 B / C)替代项。最佳控制(年死亡率为1.0%)保留了最高的树木种群(存活率50%)和生态系统价值(161至1.75亿美元NPV,1.2至2.5 B / C)。良好控制(年死亡率为3.5%)和公平控制(5。年死亡率为0%)比没有控制或实际结果更好的选择,分别有21%和12%的树木幸存。毫不奇怪,无DED方案保留了最高的生态系统价值(202至2.57亿美元NPV,2.0至3.4 BC),树木存活率达70%。在最佳控制下,树木维持的雨水的价值就像这种替代方法的年成本一样。因此,所有其他生态系统价值(例如,空气污染,能源节约,碳吸收和存储)都被保留下来,而无需支付额外费用。这项研究为其他严重的虫害问题(如翡翠虫)提供了森林病虫害和疾病管理策略(在最佳控制下,树木维持的雨水的价值就像这种替代方法的年成本一样。因此,所有其他生态系统价值(例如,空气污染,能源节约,碳吸收和存储)都被保留下来,而无需支付额外费用。这项研究为其他严重的虫害问题(如翡翠虫)提供了森林病虫害和疾病管理策略(在最佳控制下,树木维持的雨水的价值就像这种替代方法的年成本一样。因此,所有其他生态系统价值(例如,空气污染,能源节约,碳吸收和存储)都被保留下来,而无需支付额外费用。这项研究为其他严重的虫害问题(如翡翠虫)提供了森林病虫害和疾病管理策略(Agrilus planipennis)威胁着城市树木的种群。
更新日期:2020-03-27
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