Geoheritage is now a globally recognized natural conservation strategy built on a research and science-based framework. We suggest that to date in New Zealand, mainstream approaches to conservation, protection, and tourism have poorly served our unique geoheritage landscapes and features. The two locations presented as cases in this paper represent geoheritage and cultural values unique to New Zealand due to its dynamic geological history and cultural history represented in the archaeological record. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential for community-led development utilizing internationally recognized best practices. This in turn will provide a foundation for low-impact and sustainable tourism, education, and training opportunities of benefit to local, regional, and national communities. New Zealand has recently joined the global geoheritage trend through the UNESCO Global Geoparks Programme, with the first application for geopark designation in this country currently under review. In this paper, we define geoheritage and associated concepts and demonstrate their potential role in tourism development and research, based on international best-practice methodologies and frameworks. Here, we investigate current issues relating to geoheritage and geotourism in New Zealand. We discuss a current lack of coherent protective legislation relating to geoheritage features and landscapes, demonstrated by the conflict between development and protection being played out at four geologically significant sites at two locations in New Zealand. Geotourism potential of the Ōtuataua Stonefields Historic Reserve in South Auckland has been the subject of research, with guided tours undertaken on an ad hoc basis. A community group is currently campaigning against a proposed housing development adjacent to the Historic Reserve and facilitating research and community engagement with the cultural and geological history of the area. We present the nearby Māngere Mountain Education Centre as a model on which to base further geoheritage development within the area. At the centre, low-impact non-invasive methods and technologies are used, thereby supporting and facilitating sustainable education and tourism ventures in collaboration with the local community and tangata whenua (indigenous people of the land). In the South Island of New Zealand, investigations over the last decade have revealed Foulden Maar as one of the most significant palaeogeographical and palaeoecological sites in the Southern Hemisphere. The maar in Central Otago is the preserved remnant of a crater lake formed by explosive phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions about 23 million years ago. Diatomite deposits accumulated in the maar crater contain a rich and significant fossil record of the Miocene in New Zealand and the wider Southern Hemisphere. We use recent developments in the case of Foulden Maar to highlight the lack of a national policy or legislation relating specifically to significant fossil or geoheritage sites on private land. The nearby Vanished-World Fossil Museum is a highly successful community-based venture highlighting the geoheritage of the area in an accessible and engaging manner, built on 17 years of largely voluntary contributions in collaboration with the University of Otago.

中文翻译：

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由社区主导的地球遗产和地质保护企业的案例，在南奥克兰的芒格里和新西兰的中奥塔哥地区

地质遗迹现已成为建立在研究和科学基础之上的全球公认的自然保护战略。我们建议，迄今为止，在新西兰，保护，保护和旅游业的主流方法已无法很好地服务于我们独特的地质遗产景观和特征。本文中作为案例介绍的两个地点代表了新西兰独特的地理遗产和文化价值，这是由于其考古记录中体现了动态的地质历史和文化历史。在本文中，我们展示了利用国际公认的最佳实践进行社区主导的发展的潜力。反过来，这将为低影响力和可持续的旅游，教育和培训机会奠定基础，使当地，区域和国家社区受益。新西兰最近通过教科文组织全球地质公园计划加入了全球地质遗产的趋势，目前正在审查该国的地质公园指定申请。在本文中，我们基于国际最佳实践方法论和框架，定义了地理遗产和相关概念，并展示了它们在旅游业发展和研究中的潜在作用。在这里，我们调查了与新西兰的地质遗迹和地质旅游有关的当前问题。我们讨论了当前缺乏与地质遗迹特征和景观相关的连贯的保护性立法，这体现在新西兰两个位置的四个具有地质意义的地点对开发与保护之间的冲突进行了证明。南奥克兰的ŌtuatauaStonefields历史保护区的地质旅游潜力一直是研究的主题，并在临时基础上进行了带导游的旅行。当前，一个社区团体正在针对拟议中的与历史保护区相邻的住房开发进行运动，并促进研究和社区参与该地区的文化和地质历史。我们以附近的Māngere山教育中心为模型，以此为基础进一步发展该地区的地理遗产。在该中心，使用了影响较小的非侵入性方法和技术，从而与当地社区和社区合作，支持和促进了可持续的教育和旅游事业。当前，一个社区团体正在针对拟议中的与历史保护区相邻的住房开发进行运动，并促进研究和社区参与该地区的文化和地质历史。我们以附近的Māngere山教育中心为模型，以此为基础进一步发展该地区的地理遗产。在该中心，使用了影响力小的非侵入性方法和技术，从而与当地社区和社区合作，支持和促进可持续的教育和旅游事业。当前，一个社区团体正在针对拟议中的与历史保护区相邻的住房开发进行运动，并促进研究和社区参与该地区的文化和地质历史。我们以附近的Māngere山教育中心为模型，以此为基础进一步发展该地区的地理遗产。在该中心，使用了影响较小的非侵入性方法和技术，从而与当地社区和社区合作，支持和促进了可持续的教育和旅游事业。七巧板（土地上的土著人民）。在过去的十年中，在新西兰南岛进行的调查显示，富登玛尔（Foulden Maar）是南半球最重要的古地理和古生态遗址之一。奥塔哥中部的马尔斯（Maar）是火山口湖的保留遗迹，该火山口是由大约2300万年前的爆发性岩浆火山爆发形成的。堆积在maar火山口中的硅藻土沉积物拥有新西兰中新世和更广泛的南半球丰富而重要的化石记录。我们利用Foulden Maar案的最新动态来强调，缺乏专门针对私有土地上重要的化石或地质遗迹的国家政策或立法。