Cannabaceae is a known family because of the production of cannabinoids in laticifers and glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa . Laticifers are latex-secreting structures, which in Cannabaceae were identified only in C. sativa and Humulus lupulus . This study aimed to expand the knowledge of laticifers in Cannabaceae by checking their structural type and distribution, and the main classes of substances in the latex of Celtis pubescens , Pteroceltis tatarinowii , and Trema micrantha . Such information is also updated for C. sativa . Samples of shoot apices, stems, leaves, and flowers were processed for anatomical, histochemical, ultrastructural, and cytochemical analyses. Laticifers are articulated unbranched in all species instead of non-articulated as previously described for the family. They occur in all sampled organs. They are thick-walled, multinucleate, with a large vacuole and a peripheral cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is rich in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, ribosomes, and plastids containing starch grains and oil drops. Pectinase and cellulase activities were detected in the laticifer wall and vacuole, confirming its articulated origin, described by first time in the family. These enzymes promote the complete dissolution of the laticifer terminal walls. The latex contains proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides in addition to phenolics ( C. sativa ) and terpenes ( C. pubescens , T. micrantha ) . The presence of laticifers with similar distribution and morphology supports the recent insertion of Celtis , Pteroceltis , and Trema in Cannabaceae. The articulated type of laticifer found in Cannabaceae, Moraceae, and Urticaceae indicates that the separation of these families by having distinct laticifer types should be reviewed.

中文翻译：

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扩展大麻科的乳胶知识：分布、形态、来源和乳胶成分

大麻科是一个已知的科，因为在大麻的乳管和腺毛中产生大麻素。Laticifers 是分泌乳胶的结构，在大麻科中仅在 C. sativa 和 Humulus lupulus 中发现。本研究旨在通过检查大麻科乳胶的结构类型和分布，以及Celtis pubescens、Pteroceltis tatarinowii 和Trema micrantha 乳胶中的主要物质类别来扩展知识。此类信息也针对 C. sativa 进行了更新。对茎尖、茎、叶和花的样品进行处理以进行解剖学、组织化学、超微结构和细胞化学分析。Laticifers 在所有物种中都是不分枝的，而不是如先前为该科描述的那样不分枝。它们出现在所有采样的器官中。它们厚壁，多核，有大液泡和外周细胞质。细胞质富含线粒体、内质网、双糖体、核糖体和含淀粉粒和油滴的质体。在乳管壁和液泡中检测到果胶酶和纤维素酶活性，证实了其铰接起源，这是该家族中首次描述的。这些酶促进乳管末端壁的完全溶解。除了酚类物质 (C. sativa) 和萜烯 (C. pubescens, T. micrantha) 外，乳胶还含有蛋白质、脂质和多糖。具有相似分布和形态的乳母的存在支持了最近在大麻科中插入的 Celtis 、 Pteroceltis 和 Trema 。在大麻科、桑科、