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Significance of Glutamate Racemase for the Viability and Cell Wall Integrity of Streptococcus iniae
Biochemistry (Moscow) ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920020121
M. Muhammad , J. Bai , A. J. Alhassan , H. Sule , J. Ju , B. Zhao , D. Liu

Streptococcus iniae is a pathogenic and zoonotic bacterium responsible for human diseases and mortality of many fish species. Recently, this bacterium has demonstrated an increasing trend for antibiotics resistance, which has warranted a search for new approaches to tackle its infection. Glutamate racemase (MurI) is a ubiquitous enzyme of the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway that plays an important role in the cell wall integrity maintenance; however, the significance of this enzyme differs in different species. In this study, we knocked out the MurI gene in S. iniae in order to elucidate the role of glutamate racemase in maintaining cell wall integrity in this bacterial species. We also cloned, expressed, and purified MurI and determined its biochemical characteristics. Biochemical analysis revealed that the MurI gene in S. iniae encodes a functional enzyme with a molecular weight of 30 kDa, temperature optimum at 35°C, and pH optimum at 8.5. Metal ions, such as Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ and Zn 2+ , inhibited the enzyme activity. MurI was found to be essential for the viability and cell wall integrity of S. iniae. The optimal growth of the MurI-deficient S. iniae mutant can be achieved only by adding a high concentration of D-glutamate to the medium. Membrane permeability assay of the mutant showed an increasing extent of the cell wall damage with time upon D-glutamate starvation. Moreover, the mutant lost its virulence when incubated in fish blood. Our results demonstrated that the MurI knockout leads to the generation of S. iniae auxotroph with damaged cell walls.

中文翻译:

谷氨酸消旋酶对犬链球菌活力和细胞壁完整性的意义

链球菌是导致人类疾病和许多鱼类死亡的致病性和人畜共患细菌。最近,这种细菌的抗生素耐药性呈上升趋势,因此需要寻找新的方法来解决其感染问题。谷氨酸消旋酶 (MurI) 是肽聚糖合成途径中的一种普遍存在的酶,在细胞壁完整性维护中起着重要作用;然而,这种酶的重要性因物种而异。在这项研究中,我们敲除 S. iniae 中的 MurI 基因,以阐明谷氨酸消旋酶在维持该细菌物种细胞壁完整性中的作用。我们还克隆、表达和纯化了 MurI 并确定了其生化特征。生化分析表明 S. iniae 编码一种功能酶,分子量为 30 kDa,最适温度为 35°C,最适 pH 为 8.5。Cu 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Co 2+ 和Zn 2+ 等金属离子抑制酶活性。发现 MurI 对 S. iniae 的生存能力和细胞壁完整性至关重要。MurI 缺陷型 S. iniae 突变体的最佳生长只能通过向培养基中添加高浓度的 D-谷氨酸来实现。突变体的膜渗透性测定表明,在 D-谷氨酸饥饿时,细胞壁损伤程度随时间增加。此外,突变体在鱼血中培养时失去了毒力。我们的结果表明,MurI 敲除导致细胞壁受损的 S. iniae 营养缺陷型的产生。Cu 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Co 2+ 和Zn 2+ 等金属离子抑制酶活性。发现 MurI 对 S. iniae 的生存能力和细胞壁完整性至关重要。MurI 缺陷型 S. iniae 突变体的最佳生长只能通过向培养基中添加高浓度的 D-谷氨酸来实现。突变体的膜渗透性测定表明,在 D-谷氨酸饥饿时,细胞壁损伤程度随时间增加。此外,突变体在鱼血中培养时失去了毒力。我们的结果表明,MurI 敲除导致细胞壁受损的 S. iniae 营养缺陷型的产生。Cu 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Co 2+ 和Zn 2+ 等金属离子抑制酶活性。发现 MurI 对 S. iniae 的生存能力和细胞壁完整性至关重要。MurI 缺陷型 S. iniae 突变体的最佳生长只能通过向培养基中添加高浓度的 D-谷氨酸来实现。突变体的膜渗透性测定表明,在 D-谷氨酸饥饿时,细胞壁损伤程度随时间增加。此外,突变体在鱼血中培养时失去了毒力。我们的结果表明,MurI 敲除导致细胞壁受损的 S. iniae 营养缺陷型的产生。iniae 突变体只能通过向培养基中添加高浓度的 D-谷氨酸来实现。突变体的膜渗透性测定表明,在 D-谷氨酸饥饿时,细胞壁损伤程度随时间增加。此外,突变体在鱼血中培养时失去了毒力。我们的结果表明,MurI 敲除导致细胞壁受损的 S. iniae 营养缺陷型的产生。iniae 突变体只能通过向培养基中添加高浓度的 D-谷氨酸来实现。突变体的膜渗透性测定表明,在 D-谷氨酸饥饿时,细胞壁损伤程度随时间增加。此外,突变体在鱼血中培养时失去了毒力。我们的结果表明,MurI 敲除导致细胞壁受损的 S. iniae 营养缺陷型的产生。
更新日期:2020-02-01
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