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An In-Depth Analysis of the Effect of Trees on Human Energy Fluxes
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126646
Zhixin Liu , Robert D. Brown , Senlin Zheng , Yi Jiang , Lihua Zhao

Abstract Urban residents are suffer from increased heat stress because of urban heat island intensification in combination with global climate change. Trees have been widely used for improving human thermal comfort. However, when it comes to practical design, it is not always clear what characteristics of trees are most important or how trees should be arranged to optimize thermal conditions. This study undertook an in-depth analysis of several tree species in various configurations. Fifty scenarios were evaluated in terms of how each tree and each configuration affected the energy fluxes of a person on hot sunny days. Results showed that the largest effect in all scenarios was on radiation flux, with a much smaller effect on the convective and evaporative fluxes. An even-distribution of trees was found to be overall most effective as it maximized the shaded area by avoiding unnecessary overlap. While the solar radiation reduction was the largest effect, a detailed analysis provided additional insight into the sometimes-large effect of terrestrial radiation. Taller trees with low branching height and dense crowns had the largest effect on solar radiation reduction. Terrestrial radiation was most affected by leaf albedo and sky view factor. Buildings surrounding a treed area increased both solar radiation (through reflection) and terrestrial radiation (through emission from hot surfaces). The results are universally applicable as the tree characteristics are not species-specific, and the energy fluxes are based on first principles.

中文翻译:

深入分析树木对人体能量通量的影响

摘要 城市热岛加剧与全球气候变化相结合,城市居民承受着日益增加的热应激。树木已被广泛用于改善人体热舒适度。然而,当谈到实际设计时,并不总是清楚树木的哪些特征最重要,或者应该如何布置树木以优化热条件。本研究对不同配置的几种树种进行了深入分析。在炎热的晴天,根据每棵树和每种配置如何影响一个人的能量通量,评估了 50 种情况。结果表明,在所有情景中,对辐射通量的影响最大,对对流和蒸发通量的影响要小得多。树木的均匀分布被认为是整体上最有效的,因为它通过避免不必要的重叠来最大化阴影区域。虽然太阳辐射减少是最大的影响,但详细的分析提供了对地面辐射有时很大的影响的额外见解。具有低分枝高度和密集树冠的高大树木对减少太阳辐射的影响最大。地面辐射受叶反照率和天空视野因子的影响最大。树木繁茂地区周围的建筑物增加了太阳辐射(通过反射)和地面辐射(通过热表面的辐射)。结果是普遍适用的,因为树木特征不是特定于物种的,并且能量通量基于第一原理。虽然太阳辐射减少是最大的影响,但详细的分析提供了对地面辐射有时很大的影响的额外见解。具有低分枝高度和密集树冠的高大树木对减少太阳辐射的影响最大。地面辐射受叶反照率和天空视野因子的影响最大。树木繁茂地区周围的建筑物增加了太阳辐射(通过反射)和地面辐射(通过热表面的辐射)。结果是普遍适用的,因为树木特征不是特定于物种的,并且能量通量基于第一原理。虽然太阳辐射减少是最大的影响,但详细的分析提供了对地面辐射有时很大的影响的额外见解。具有低分枝高度和密集树冠的高大树木对减少太阳辐射的影响最大。地面辐射受叶反照率和天空视野因子的影响最大。树木繁茂地区周围的建筑物增加了太阳辐射(通过反射)和地面辐射(通过热表面的辐射)。结果是普遍适用的,因为树木特征不是特定于物种的,并且能量通量基于第一原理。具有低分枝高度和密集树冠的高大树木对减少太阳辐射的影响最大。地面辐射受叶反照率和天空视野因子的影响最大。树木繁茂地区周围的建筑物增加了太阳辐射(通过反射)和地面辐射(通过热表面的辐射)。结果是普遍适用的,因为树木特征不是特定于物种的,并且能量通量基于第一原理。具有低分枝高度和密集树冠的高大树木对减少太阳辐射的影响最大。地面辐射受叶反照率和天空视野因子的影响最大。树木繁茂区域周围的建筑物增加了太阳辐射(通过反射)和地面辐射(通过热表面的辐射)。结果是普遍适用的,因为树木特征不是特定于物种的,并且能量通量基于第一原理。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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