‘Hazard perception’ has become an integral part of novice driver education and training. Cyclists are often identified as one of many ‘hazards’ to look out for. We speculate that constituting cyclists as ‘hazards’, something that presents a danger or threat, may foster negative attitudes toward cyclists. Rather than accepting cyclists as ‘hazards’, our study examined the conditions that have made it possible to identify cyclists as ‘hazards’ in novice driver preparation. Informed by Michel Foucault's work on discursive practices, the analysis focused on the ‘road safety’ literature (1900–2017), the changing context in which road safety knowledge has been produced and the implications for the production of road space. This literature is important given the authority of scientific knowledge in western societies and its role in managing and governing populations. We found a shift in the middle of the twentieth century from drivers being identified as ‘hazards’ to drivers being identified as perceivers of ‘hazards’. At this time, researchers began studying drivers for their ability to recognise hazards: cyclists were routinely listed among the ‘hazards’ drivers should perceive. Out of 200 articles published on drivers' ‘hazard perception’ since the 1960s, one third categorised cyclists as ‘hazards’. Such research has informed the development and implementation of ‘hazard perception’ tests and, following Foucault, it participates in producing road space and shaping how drivers can think about themselves and other road users. While ‘scientific’ studies constitute cyclists as potential threats or sources of harm they lend authority to negative views of cyclists. We suggest ‘traffic participation’ as a more inclusive approach to driver education and training.

中文翻译：

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关于将骑自行车者视为“危险”

“危险感知”已成为新手驾驶员教育和培训不可或缺的一部分。骑自行车的人通常被认为是需要注意的众多“危险”之一。我们推测，将骑自行车的人视为“危险”，即表示危险或威胁的东西，可能会培养对骑自行车的人的消极态度。我们的研究没有将骑自行车的人视为“危险”，而是检查了在新手驾驶员准备过程中可以将骑自行车的人识别为“危险”的条件。根据米歇尔·福柯 (Michel Foucault) 在话语实践方面的工作，分析侧重于“道路安全”文献（1900-2017 年）、道路安全知识产生的不断变化的背景以及对道路空间生产的影响。鉴于科学知识在西方社会的权威及其在管理和治理人口中的作用，这些文献很重要。我们发现在 20 世纪中叶，驾驶员被认定为“危险”，转变为驾驶员被认定为“危险”的感知者。此时，研究人员开始研究驾驶员识别危险的能力：骑自行车的人通常被列为驾驶员应该感知的“危险”之一。自 1960 年代以来发表的 200 篇关于驾驶员“危险感知”的文章中，三分之一将骑自行车的人归类为“危险”。此类研究为“危险感知”测试的开发和实施提供了信息，并且在福柯之后，它参与了道路空间的产生和塑造驾驶员如何看待自己和其他道路使用者。虽然“科学”研究将骑自行车者视为潜在的威胁或伤害来源，但它们赋予骑自行车者负面观点的权威。我们建议将“交通参与”作为一种更具包容性的驾驶员教育和培训方法。