Abstract Urban parks can offer both physical and psychological health benefits to urban dwellers and provide social, economic, and environmental benefits to society. Earlier research on the usage of urban parks relied on fixed distance or walking time to delineate urban park catchment areas. However, actual catchment areas can be affected by many factors other than park surface areas, such as social capital cultivation, cultural adaptation, climate and seasonal variation, and park function and facilities provided. This study advanced this method by using mobile phone data to delineate urban park catchment area. The study area is the 23 special wards of Tokyo or tokubetsu-ku, the core of the capital of Japan. The location data of over 1 million anonymous mobile phone users was collected in 2011. The results show that: (1) the park catchment areas vary significantly by park surface areas: people use smaller parks nearby but also travel further to larger parks; (2) even for the parks in the same size category, there are notable differences in the spatial pattern of visitors, which cannot be simply summarized with average distance or catchment radius; and (3) almost all the parks, regardless of its size and function, had the highest user density right around the vicinity, exemplified by the density-distance function closely follow a decay trend line within 1–2 km radius of the park. As such, this study used the density threshold and density-distance function to measure park catchment. We concluded that the application of mobile phone location data can improve our understanding of an urban park catchment area, provide useful information and methods to analyze the usage of urban parks, and can aid in the planning and policy-making of urban parks.

中文翻译：

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使用手机数据划分城市公园集水区：以东京为例

摘要 城市公园可以为城市居民带来身心健康的双重好处，为社会带来社会、经济和环境效益。早期关于城市公园使用的研究依赖于固定距离或步行时间来划定城市公园集水区。然而，实际流域面积可能受到公园表面积以外的许多因素的影响，如社会资本培育、文化适应、气候和季节变化、公园功能和提供的设施。本研究通过使用手机数据来划定城市公园集水区，对这种方法进行了改进。研究区域是日本首都的核心东京或德别区的23个特区。2011年收集了超过100万匿名手机用户的位置数据。 结果表明：(1) 公园流域面积因公园面积而异：人们使用附近较小的公园，但也前往较大的公园；（2）即使是同一规模类别的公园，游客空间格局也存在显着差异，不能简单地用平均距离或集水半径来概括；(3) 几乎所有公园，无论其规模和功能如何，都在附近拥有最高的用户密度，例如密度-距离函数在公园半径 1-2 公里范围内密切遵循衰减趋势线。因此，本研究使用密度阈值和密度-距离函数来衡量公园集水区。我们得出结论，手机位置数据的应用可以提高我们对城市公园集水区的了解，