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Can mesopelagic mixed layers be used as feed sources for salmon aquaculture?
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104722
R.E. Olsen , E. Strand , W. Melle , J.T. Nørstebø , S.P. Lall , E. Ringø , D.R. Tocher , M. Sprague

Salmon aquaculture is in great need of good quality balanced protein and lipid sources, particularly marine omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), to sustain a further development of the industry. One possibility is to harvest mesopelagic marine layers. Therefore, the current project analysed mesopelagic hauls from three cruises (November 2015 to October 2016) collected from the inner fjord systems around Bergen and in open-waters off Tromsø and Ålesund, Norway. Jellyfish, krill, shrimps and small amounts of the mesopelagic fish, Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale, dominated the mixed mesopelagic hauls. Lipid content ranged between 35-40% of dry matter with two samples from autumn being 21 and 13%, with the latter haul being almost exclusively krill. In contrast, M. muelleri and B. glaciale had lipid contents of around 54 and 47% respectively. Overall, lipid was a relatively good source of marine n-3 LC-PUFA, EPA and DHA, being in the range of 15–20% of fatty acids which increased in lean samples. However, many of the trawl hauls contained wax esters (7 out of 9 hauls), equivalent to 40% or more of the lipid, with B. glaciale containing almost 90% wax esters of lipid. This presents a challenge if used in salmon diets, as their utilisation is limited. Protein contents ranged between 45-50%, increasing in lean samples. The essential amino acid content was well above the requirements for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with B. glaciale generally containing higher levels compared to M. muelleri. Leucine, lysine and valine levels were particularly high. Hauls from open-waters contained mixtures of amphipods resulting in cadmium levels exceeding the maximum allowable level in feedstuffs. Arsenic levels were high or borderline. Reducing crustacean mix in hauls appear to be the only option to reduce these levels, whereas mesopelagic fish contained low levels of all heavy metals. In summary, the mesopelagic layer contains protein and lipid sources that could supply raw materials to the salmon aquaculture industry. However, high levels of wax esters, cadmium and arsenic needs to be addressed.



中文翻译:

中古生化混合层可以用作鲑鱼养殖的饲料来源吗?

鲑鱼养殖非常需要高质量的平衡蛋白质和脂质来源,尤其是海洋omega-3(n-3)长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA),以维持该行业的进一步发展。一种可能性是收获中古海洋层。因此,当前项目分析了从卑尔根周围的内在峡湾系统以及挪威特罗姆瑟和奥勒松附近的开阔水域进行的三次巡游(2015年11月至2016年10月)中生远洋运输。水母,磷虾,虾和少量中生鱼类,ur鱼和冰tho本草,占混合的近视远期运输。脂质含量介于干物质的35-40%之间,秋季的两个样品为21%至13%,而后一个样品几乎全部为磷虾。相比之下,穆勒穆拉里氏菌冰川双歧杆菌的脂质含量分别为约54%和47%。总体而言,脂质是海洋n-3 LC-PUFA,EPA和DHA的相对较好的来源,其含量在瘦肉样品中增加的脂肪酸的15–20%之间。但是,许多拖网拖运包含蜡酯(9拖运中有7个),相当于冰类双歧杆菌的脂质的40%或更多含有几乎90%的脂质蜡酯。如果用于鲑鱼饮食,这将是一个挑战,因为它们的利用受到限制。蛋白质含量在45-50%之间,在瘦肉样品中增加。必需氨基酸含量远高于大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)的需求,而冰川双歧杆菌通常比穆勒穆勒氏菌M. muelleri)含量更高。亮氨酸,赖氨酸和缬氨酸水平特别高。来自露天水域的拖拉物含有两足动物的混合物,导致镉含量超过饲料中允许的最大含量。砷水平很高或接近临界点。减少拖网中甲壳类的混合似乎是降低这些水平的唯一选择,而中古生鱼中所有重金属的含量较低。总之,中生层含有蛋白质和脂质源,可以为鲑鱼养殖业提供原材料。但是,需要解决高含量的蜡酯,镉和砷的问题。

更新日期:2019-12-25
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