Although many vaccines have been designed to induce effective mucosal immune responses against HIV-1, designing an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a challenge. Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are a new type of vector used to induce mucosal immune responses, and have already been used for some vaccines against respiratory tract viruses. In this study, we designed a mucosal vaccine against HIV-1 based on BLPs. The vaccine was used to immunize both mice and guinea pigs via intramuscular (i.m.) injection or intranasal (i.n.) drip. We found that gp120 trimers bound to BLPs delivered via i.n. drip successfully induced Env-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) at mucosal sites in mice. Furthermore, nasal washes from guinea pigs immunized via i.n. drip showed neutralizing activity against HIV-1 tier 1 pseudoviruses. Thus, gp120 trimers bound to BLPs may be an effective vaccine strategy against HIV-1.

中文翻译：

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基于细菌样颗粒的HIV-1疫苗引起Env特异性粘膜免疫反应。

尽管已经设计了许多疫苗来诱导针对HIV-1的有效粘膜免疫反应，但是设计有效的HIV-1疫苗仍然是一个挑战。细菌样颗粒（BLP）是一种新型的载体，可用于诱导粘膜免疫反应，并且已用于某些抗呼吸道病毒的疫苗。在这项研究中，我们基于BLP设计了针对HIV-1的粘膜疫苗。该疫苗通过肌肉注射（im）或鼻内滴入（in）来免疫小鼠和豚鼠。我们发现，gp120三聚体与通过滴注递送的BLP结合，成功诱导了小鼠黏膜部位的Env特异性分泌IgA（sIgA）。此外，通过滴注免疫的豚鼠的鼻洗液显示出对HIV-1一级伪病毒的中和活性。从而，