Introduction

This study identifies the factors influencing seafarers’ safety behaviour and examines their interrelationships by synthesising theoretical insights from the health belief model and emotional appeal theory. Emotional appeals are positive or negative persuasive messages that are used to create an emotional response by emphasising the benefits or consequences of exhibiting or not exhibiting safety behaviour.

Methods

A survey questionnaire was designed and administered on 227 seafarers of different nationalities. They represent three shipping companies and four ship management companies located in Singapore. The obtained data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results were tested for non-response bias and corrected for common method bias using the marker variable technique. Bootstrapping was conducted to test mediation effects.

Results

Components of the health belief model which include perceived threat, outcome expectation, self-efficacy and cues to action have significant, positive effects on seafarers' safety behaviour. Further, emotional appeals complement and reinforce the health belief model to explain safety behaviour. For instance, negative appeal acts as a stimulus that influences safety behaviour directly or indirectly via certain components of the health belief model such as seafarers' perceived threat of an accident and outcome expectation. Similarly, positive appeal directly and indirectly influences safety behaviour via self-efficacy and outcome expectation. The combination of the health belief model and emotional appeal theory explains for 61% of the variance in seafarers’ safety behaviour, after controlling for the effects of training, age, and experience.

Conclusions

The current study enriches existing theoretical research on safety behaviour by synthesising cognitive and affect theories. In addition, the study draws important implications on safety management such as training and education. It also implicates communication policies of shipping companies.

中文翻译：

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情感诉求对海员安全行为的影响：扩展的健康信念模型

介绍

这项研究通过综合健康信念模型和情感诉求理论的理论见解，确定了影响海员安全行为的因素，并研究了他们之间的相互关系。情感诉求是正面或负面的说服性信息，通过强调表现出或不表现出安全行为的益处或后果来产生情感上的回应。

方法

设计了调查问卷并针对227个不同国籍的海员进行了管理。他们代表了位于新加坡的三家航运公司和四家船舶管理公司。使用结构方程模型分析获得的数据。测试结果的无响应偏差，并使用标记变量技术校正常见方法偏差。进行引导以测试中介效果。

结果

健康信念模型的组成部分包括感知到的威胁，结果期望，自我效能感和采取行动的暗示，对海员的安全行为具有重大的积极影响。此外，情感诉求补充并加强了健康信念模型以解释安全行为。例如，否定上诉是通过健康信念模型的某些组成部分直接或间接影响安全行为的刺激，例如海员对事故的威胁和预期结果。同样，积极呼吁通过自我效能和结果期望直接或间接影响安全行为。在控制了培训，年龄和经验的影响之后，健康信念模型和情感诉求理论的结合解释了海员安全行为差异的61％。

结论

本研究通过综合认知和影响理论，丰富了有关安全行为的现有理论研究。此外，该研究还对安全管理（例如培训和教育）产生了重要影响。它还牵涉到船公司的通信政策。