Abstract Stelladinium bifurcatum n. sp. is a large and distinctive brown heterotrophic dinoflagellate cyst recorded from Upper Pleistocene through modern sediments of the eastern Pacific, modern sediments of the western Bay of Bengal and sediment traps from the South China Sea, and Upper Pleistocene through Middle Holocene deposits of the east equatorial Atlantic. It is distinguished by prominent apical and antapical horns, numerous long processes distributed along the cingulum, tips of horns and processes that are characteristically solid or thickened and taper to points, a prominent flagellar scar, and an archeopyle formed by the second anterior intercalary plate with the operculum adnate along the right lateral margin. Stelladinium bifurcatum has been recorded in the literature under several names including “Stelladinium reidii” and the cyst of Protoperidinium stellatum from which it differs in having abundant cingular processes, at least one of which usually has a strongly divergent bifurcation. Re-examination of published records shows Stelladinium bifurcatum to have a tropical–subtropical neritic distribution in modern sediments of the eastern Pacific margin and to be associated with high biological productivity. Similarly in Pleistocene–Holocene sediments off west equatorial Africa, Stelladinium bifurcatum is linked to elevated sea-surface temperatures during the last deglaciation, and it serves as a marker of river discharge associated with an increase in monsoonal dynamics at this time.

中文翻译：

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Stelladinium bifurcatum sp. 11 月，一种独特的现存嗜热异养鞭毛藻囊肿，来自东太平洋和东赤道大西洋的晚第四纪

摘要 Stelladinium bifurcatum n。sp. 是从上更新世到东太平洋现代沉积物、孟加拉湾西部现代沉积物和南海沉积物圈闭以及上更新世到赤道大西洋东部中全新世沉积物记录的大型且独特的棕色异养甲藻囊肿. 它的特点是突出的顶角和背顶角，沿扣带分布的许多长突起，特征为实心或增厚并逐渐变细的角和突起的尖端，显着的鞭毛疤痕，以及由第二前夹板形成的弓形孔。鳃盖贴附于右侧边缘。Stelladinium bifurcatum 已以多种名称记录在文献中，包括“Stelladinium reidii”和 Protoperidinium stellatum 的囊肿，与它的不同之处在于具有丰富的扣带突，其中至少一个通常具有强烈发散的分叉。重新检查已发表的记录表明，Stelladinium bifurcatum 在东太平洋边缘的现代沉积物中具有热带-亚热带浅海分布，并且与高生物生产力有关。同样，在赤道西非的更新世 - 全新世沉积物中，分叉 Stelladinium bifurcatum 与上次冰消期期间海面温度升高有关，并且它作为与此时季风动力学增加相关的河流流量的标志。