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Size and unpredictable movement together affect the effectiveness of dynamic flash coloration
Animal Behaviour ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.02.002
Gopal Murali , Ullasa Kodandaramaiah

Many animals have colour patterns that appear to change dynamically when the animal moves. Experiments have suggested that such colour patterns, termed ‘dynamic flash’ coloration, can reduce predatory attacks by misrepresenting the prey's location. However, the conditions that make this coloration effective are not known. We here tested the influence of two factors, target size and unpredictable movement, on the efficacy of dynamic flash coloration. Both these factors have independently been shown to affect the predator's ability to attack a moving prey accurately, but whether they interact with prey coloration remains unclear. Using a virtual predation experiment with human participants, we found that the effectiveness of dynamic flash coloration, when compared to background-matching coloration, declined as the size of the target increased, but only when the target movement was linear (i.e. predictable). However, when the movement was unpredictable (i.e. when the target adopted a ‘protean’ motion), we found dynamic flash coloration to be effective in reducing the number and accuracy of attacks irrespective of target size. Under most conditions, the effectiveness of dynamic flash coloration did not differ from that of a uniform luminance-matched grey target. Our results suggest that the efficacy of dynamic flash coloration is limited by prey size, but animals can overcome this constraint by employing an unpredictable movement trajectory. The study also provides direct empirical evidence that protean antipredator behaviour influences the effectiveness of prey coloration that works in motion.

中文翻译:

尺寸和不可预测的运动共同影响动态闪光着色的有效性

许多动物的颜色图案在动物移动时似乎会动态变化。实验表明,这种被称为“动态闪光”着色的颜色模式可以通过误报猎物的位置来减少掠夺性攻击。然而,使这种着色有效的条件尚不清楚。我们在这里测试了目标大小和不可预测的运动这两个因素对动态闪光着色效果的影响。这两个因素已独立显示会影响捕食者准确攻击移动猎物的能力,但它们是否与猎物颜色相互作用尚不清楚。使用人类参与者的虚拟捕食实验,我们发现动态闪光着色的有效性,与背景匹配着色相比,随着目标大小的增加而下降,但仅当目标移动是线性的(即可预测的)时。然而,当运动不可预测时(即当目标采用“多变”运动时),我们发现动态闪光着色可有效减少攻击的数量和准确性,而与目标大小无关。在大多数情况下,动态闪光着色的效果与亮度匹配的均匀灰度目标的效果没有区别。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。e. 可预测的)。然而,当运动不可预测时(即当目标采用“多变”运动时),我们发现动态闪光着色可有效减少攻击的数量和准确性,而与目标大小无关。在大多数情况下,动态闪光着色的效果与亮度匹配的均匀灰度目标的效果没有区别。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。e. 可预测的)。然而,当运动不可预测时(即当目标采用“多变”运动时),我们发现动态闪光着色可有效减少攻击的数量和准确性,而与目标大小无关。在大多数情况下,动态闪光着色的效果与亮度匹配的均匀灰度目标的效果没有区别。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。我们发现无论目标大小如何,动态闪光着色都可以有效减少攻击的数量和准确性。在大多数情况下,动态闪光着色的效果与亮度匹配的均匀灰度目标的效果没有区别。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。我们发现无论目标大小如何,动态闪光着色都可以有效减少攻击的数量和准确性。在大多数情况下,动态闪光着色的效果与亮度匹配的均匀灰度目标的效果没有区别。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。我们的结果表明,动态闪光着色的功效受到猎物大小的限制,但动物可以通过采用不可预测的运动轨迹来克服这种限制。该研究还提供了直接的经验证据,证明多变的反捕食者行为会影响运动中猎物着色的有效性。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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