There is growing evidence that mushrooms (fruiting bodies) can be suitable for biogeochemical prospecting for minerals and as indicators of heavy metal and radioactive contaminants in the terrestrial environment. Apart from the nutritional aspect, knowledge of accumulation dynamics and distribution of elements in fruiting bodies, from emergence to senescence, is essential as is standardization when choosing mushroom species as potential bioindicators and for monitoring purposes. We studied the effect of fruitbody developmental stage on the contents of the elements (Li, K, V, Cr, Mn, Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Al, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Tl and U) in the individual parts of the Amanita muscaria fruiting body. Elements such as K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn and Se remained similar throughout all developmental stages studied, however for K, differences occurred in the values of caps and stipes, as expressed by the cap to stipe concentration quotient (index QC/S). The other elements quantified, i.e., Li, V, Cr, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Al, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Tl and U are considered as nonessential or toxic (with the exception of V in A. muscaria). Their accumulation in the fruiting bodies and their distribution between cap and stipe did not show a uniform pattern. Pb, Sb, Tl, Ba, Sr, Li, Rb and Cs decreased with increasing maturity of the fruitbodies, implying that translocation, distribution and accumulation in stipes and caps was not a continuous process, while V, Cr, As, Ag, Cd, and U remained at the same concentration, similarly to the essential elements. Our results for A. muscaria confirm that elemental distribution in different parts of fruiting bodies is variable for each element and may change during maturation. Soil properties, species specificity and the pattern of fruitbody development may all contribute to the various types of elemental distribution and suggest that the results for one species in one location may have only limited potential for generalization.

中文翻译：

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毒蝇伞 (L.) Lam 不同发育阶段的金属和类金属元素

越来越多的证据表明，蘑菇（子实体）可适用于矿物的生物地球化学勘探以及作为陆地环境中重金属和放射性污染物的指标。除了营养方面，在选择蘑菇物种作为潜在生物指标和用于监测目的时，从出现到衰老的子实体中积累动态和元素分布的知识是必不可少的，标准化也是必不可少的。我们研究了子实体发育阶段对元素（Li、K、V、Cr、Mn、Mg、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Rb、Sr、Ag、Al、Cd、Sb、Cs）含量的影响、Ba、Pb、Tl 和 U) 在毒蝇伞子实体的各个部分。K、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn 和 Se 等元素在研究的所有发育阶段都保持相似，但是对于 K、帽和柄的值存在差异，如帽与柄的浓度商数（索引 QC/S）。其他量化的元素，即 Li、V、Cr、As、Rb、Sr、Ag、Al、Cd、Sb、Cs、Ba、Pb、Tl 和 U 被视为非必需元素或有毒元素（A 中的 V 除外） . 毒蕈）。它们在子实体中的积累及其在菌盖和菌柄之间的分布没有显示出统一的模式。Pb、Sb、Tl、Ba、Sr、Li、Rb 和 Cs 随子实体成熟度的增加而减少，表明菌柄和菌盖的易位、分布和积累不是一个连续的过程，而 V、Cr、As、Ag、Cd和 U 保持相同的浓度，类似于基本元素。我们对 A 的结果。muscaria 证实子实体不同部分的元素分布对于每个元素都是可变的，并且在成熟过程中可能会发生变化。土壤特性、物种特异性和子实体发育模式都可能对各种类型的元素分布产生影响，并表明一个地点的一个物种的结果可能只有有限的概括潜力。