Friedmanniomyces endolithicus is a highly melanized fungus endemic to the Antarctic, occurring exclusively in endolithic communities of the ice-free areas of the Victoria Land, including the McMurdo Dry Valleys, the coldest and most hyper-arid desert on Earth and accounted as the Martian analog on our planet. F. endolithicus is highly successful in these inhospitable environments, the most widespread and commonly isolated species from these peculiar niches, indicating a high degree of adaptation. The nature of its extremo tolerance has not been previously studied. To investigate this, we sequenced genome of F. endolithicus CCFEE 5311 to explore gene content and genomic patterns that could be attributed to its specialization. The predicted functional potential of the genes was assigned by similarity to InterPro and CAZy domains. The genome was compared to phylogenetically close relatives which are also melanized fungi occurring in extreme environments including Friedmanniomyces simplex, Baudoinia panamericana, Acidomyces acidophilus, Hortaea thailandica and Hortaea werneckii. We tested if shared genomic traits existed among these species and hyper-extremotolerant fungus F. endolithicus. We found that some characters for stress tolerance such as meristematic growth and cold tolerance are enriched in F. endolithicus that may be triggered by the exposure to Antarctic prohibitive conditions.

中文翻译：

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适应压力的隐石南极真菌 Friedmanniomyces endolithicus 中的特殊基因组特征

Friedmanniomyces endolithicus 是南极特有的一种高度黑化的真菌，只发生在维多利亚州无冰地区的内石群落中，包括麦克默多干谷，地球上最冷和最干旱的沙漠，被认为是火星的类似物在我们的星球上。F. endolithicus 在这些荒凉的环境中非常成功，它们是这些特殊生态位中分布最广、最常见的孤立物种，表明高度适应。以前没有研究过其极端耐受性的性质。为了研究这一点，我们对 F.endoliticus CCFEE 5311 的基因组进行了测序，以探索可归因于其专业化的基因含量和基因组模式。通过与 InterPro 和 CAZy 结构域的相似性分配基因的预测功能潜力。将基因组与系统发育上的近亲进行比较，后者也是发生在极端环境中的黑化真菌，包括单纯性弗里德曼菌、泛美鲍多氏菌、嗜酸酸菌、泰国大球藻和温氏大球藻。我们测试了这些物种和超极端耐受真菌 F.endolithicus 之间是否存在共享的基因组特征。我们发现 F.endolithicus 中的一些抗逆性特征，如分生组织生长和耐寒性，可能是由于暴露于南极禁止条件而引发的。我们测试了这些物种和超极端耐受真菌 F.endolithicus 之间是否存在共享的基因组特征。我们发现 F.endolithicus 中的一些抗逆性特征，如分生组织生长和耐寒性，可能是由于暴露于南极禁止条件而引发的。我们测试了这些物种和超极端耐受真菌 F.endolithicus 之间是否存在共享的基因组特征。我们发现 F.endolithicus 中的一些抗逆性特征，如分生组织生长和耐寒性，可能是由于暴露于南极禁止条件而引发的。