Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses [e.g. high temperatures, UV radiation with associated DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), desiccation and osmotic stresses] it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black [dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin-containing] fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and -regulation are important for fungi that receive nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. Genetic tools for manipulating K. petricola exist and will be used to test this idea.

中文翻译：

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植物和岩石相关黑色真菌的光感

与光合生物共享光照充足栖息地的真菌可能会从它们过量的光合产物中获益。但是为了应对与阳光相关的压力（例如高温、与 DNA 损伤相关的紫外线辐射、活性氧 (ROS) 的积累、干燥和渗透压力），真菌必须准确地感知和响应光线的变化。为了检验光是子囊菌用来协调生长、应激反应以及建立致病或共生关系的环境线索的假设，分析了来自不同生态位的物种中的光感受器 (PR) 分布。来自叶际和暴露的固体表面的黑色 [含二羟基萘 (DHN) 黑色素] 真菌的基因组包含多个光感受器 (PR)。植物病原体灰葡萄孢（Leotiomycetes）具有高度复杂的光感和信号系统，有助于避光和定位易感宿主。栖息于岩石的 Dothideomycetes 和 Eurotiomycetes 包括 Knufia petricola 拥有相同数量的 PRs 以及相同的保护色素。来自植物和岩石表面的黑色真菌之间的这种相似性表明，光感知和调节对于通过与光养生物合作接收营养的真菌很重要。存在操纵 K. petricola 的遗传工具，并将用于测试这一想法。栖息于岩石的 Dothideomycetes 和 Eurotiomycetes 包括 Knufia petricola 拥有相同数量的 PRs 以及相同的保护色素。来自植物和岩石表面的黑色真菌之间的这种相似性表明，光感知和调节对于通过与光养生物合作接收营养的真菌很重要。存在操纵 K. petricola 的遗传工具，并将用于测试这一想法。栖息于岩石的 Dothideomycetes 和 Eurotiomycetes 包括 Knufia petricola 拥有相同数量的 PRs 以及相同的保护色素。来自植物和岩石表面的黑色真菌之间的这种相似性表明，光感知和调节对于通过与光养生物合作接收营养的真菌很重要。存在操纵 K. petricola 的遗传工具，并将用于测试这一想法。