Abstract The actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. AV05 appears to be a potential biocontrol agent (BCA) against mycotoxigenic fungi. It was found to significantly inhibit F. verticillioides growth and mycotoxin production during their co-cultivation. F. verticillioides growth was durably affected while the decrease of the toxin production levels was reversible, suggesting different BCA actions. The study of both transcriptomes brought useful information on the microbial interaction. RNA-seq data indicated that the dual interaction modified genetic expression of both microorganisms as 18.5 % of the genes were differentially expressed for the fungus against 3.8 % for the actinobacteria. Fungal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were equally up and down regulated while bacterial ones were mainly upregulated. We especially focused the analysis of DEGs on fungal defense reaction to bacterial attack. For example, if this potential BCA implements a strategy of antibiosis with the over expression of ‘siderophore-interacting protein’ linked to the production of bacteriocins, the fungus in a state of stress is able to adapt its metabolism by up-regulation of amidase. It could correspond to the induction of resistance gene clusters and suggest a detoxification process. Moreover fumonisins-related pathway appears underexpressed in the presence of Streptomyces that explain the reduction of fumonisin accumulation observed.

中文翻译：

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Fusarium v​​erticillioides 和 Streptomyces 菌株之间相互作用的转录组揭示了潜在生物防治剂压力下的真菌防御策略

摘要放线菌链霉菌属。AV05 似乎是一种针对产霉菌毒素的真菌的潜在生物防治剂 (BCA)。发现它在共同培养过程中显着抑制轮枝杆菌的生长和霉菌毒素的产生。F. verticillioides 的生长受到持久的影响，而毒素产生水平的降低是可逆的，表明不同的 BCA 作用。对两种转录组的研究为微生物相互作用带来了有用的信息。RNA-seq 数据表明，双重相互作用改变了两种微生物的基因表达，因为真菌的 18.5% 的基因与放线菌的 3.8% 的基因差异表达。真菌差异表达基因 (DEG) 上调和下调相同，而细菌差异表达基因主要上调。我们特别将 DEG 的分析重点放在真菌对细菌攻击的防御反应上。例如，如果这种潜在的 BCA 实施了一种抗生素策略，即过度表达与细菌素产生相关的“铁载体相互作用蛋白”，处于压力状态的真菌能够通过上调酰胺酶来适应其代谢。它可能对应于抗性基因簇的诱导，并表明解毒过程。此外，在链霉菌存在下，伏马菌素相关途径似乎表达不足，这解释了观察到的伏马菌素积累减少。处于压力状态的真菌能够通过上调酰胺酶来适应其新陈代谢。它可能对应于抗性基因簇的诱导，并表明解毒过程。此外，在链霉菌存在下，伏马菌素相关途径似乎表达不足，这解释了观察到的伏马菌素积累减少。处于压力状态的真菌能够通过上调酰胺酶来适应其新陈代谢。它可能对应于抗性基因簇的诱导，并表明解毒过程。此外，在链霉菌存在下，伏马菌素相关途径似乎表达不足，这解释了观察到的伏马菌素积累减少。