Early-life exposure to different stressors can lead to various consequences on fish health status in later life development. To evaluate the effects of Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes infection in the early-life on immunity in adulthood, zebrafish were either early-infected at 18 days post-fertilization (dpf), chronically infected from 18 to 35 dpf, or late infected at 35 dpf and then grown up to 61 dpf to be re-infected with the pathogen. The age of first infection was shown to influence both, level and timing of the immune gene expressions, especially for inflammation-related genes. In addition, evidence for an innate immune memory in zebrafish primarily infected with the pathogen at 35 dpf and re-infected at 61dpf provide new insights to consolidate the concept of a “trained” innate immunity in fish.

生命早期暴露于不同的压力源会对鱼在生命后期的健康状况产生各种影响。为了评估生命早期无色鲑气单胞菌感染对成年期免疫的影响，斑马鱼要么在受精后 18 天（dpf）早期感染，在 18 至 35 dpf 时慢性感染，或在 35 dpf 和然后长到 61 dpf 以再次感染病原体。研究表明，首次感染的年龄会影响免疫基因表达的水平和时间，尤其是炎症相关基因。此外，斑马鱼先天免疫记忆的证据主要在 35 dpf 感染病原体并在 61dpf 再次感染，这为巩固鱼中“受过训练的”先天免疫的概念提供了新的见解。