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Portable controlled field experiments to resolve human impacts in geomorphology
Geomorphology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106992
Richard A. Marston , Ben Marcus Gillespie , David H. Haire

Abstract Geomorphologists have long been challenged by the need to separate the impact of human activities from change that would have occurred without human interference. One research strategy is to utilize portable, controlled field experiments in which the magnitude of driving forces (e.g., rain or wind) can be set and where it is possible to sample the landscape according to the variety in natural variables and human effects. This paper reviews the use of portable field rainfall simulators and portable field wind tunnels, with two case studies explored in detail. The first case study involves a portable field rainfall simulator that was used to examine magnitude and persistence of erosional impacts from wildfires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The second case study involves a portable field wind tunnel that was used to examine impacts on rates of sand transport from military maneuvers on the Fort Bliss Military Reservation in southern New Mexico. Both pieces of equipment satisfied the guidelines posed by previous studies, proved ideal for hypothesis testing, and yielded results that could not have been easily achieved by other research strategies. The rainfall simulation experiments revealed that post-fire soil loss was controlled by the percent litter cover, the logging history before the fires, and the percent silt content of soils. The wind tunnel experiments revealed the effect of tanks increasing sand transport through destroying the soil crust, churning the soils and crushing the vegetation.

中文翻译:

解决人类对地貌影响的便携式受控现场实验

摘要 长期以来,地貌学家一直面临着需要将人类活动的影响与在没有人类干预的情况下发生的变化分开的挑战。一种研究策略是利用便携式、受控的现场实验,其中可以设置驱动力(例如,雨或风)的大小,并且可以根据自然变量和人类影响的变化对景观进行采样。本文回顾了便携式现场降雨模拟器和便携式现场风洞的使用,并详细探讨了两个案例研究。第一个案例研究涉及便携式现场降雨模拟器,用于检查大黄石生态系统中野火侵蚀影响的程度和持续性。第二个案例研究涉及一个便携式现场风洞,该风洞用于检查军事演习对新墨西哥州南部 Fort Bliss 军事保护区的沙子运输率的影响。这两件设备都满足先前研究提出的指导方针,证明是假设检验的理想选择,并产生了其他研究策略无法轻易实现的结果。降雨模拟实验表明,火灾后土壤流失受凋落物覆盖率、火灾前伐木历史和土壤淤泥含量百分比控制。风洞实验揭示了坦克通过破坏土壤结皮、搅动土壤和压碎植被来增加沙子运输的效果。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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