Abstract The use of expensive hole transport layers (HTLs) and back contact along with the stability issue of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been a detrimental factor when it comes to commercialization of the technology. In addition, high temperature and long annealing time processed electron transport layers (ETLs, e.g. TiO2) prevent the flexible solar cell application in most polymer substrates. Herein, we opted for HTL-free carbon electrodes owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in air, compared with their noble metal counterparts. In this work, we fabricate planar PSCs using low-temperature solution processed SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) as ETLs, which offers significant advantages over high-temperature processed ETLs because of its excellent electron extraction and hole blocking ability. In addition, by integrating a low-cost and stable carbon electrode, an impressive energy conversion efficiency of 13.64% with a device architecture glass/In doped SnO2/QD-SnO2/perovskite/carbon under 1 sun illumination at ambient conditions have been achieved. This work paves the way to achieve fully low-temperature processed printable PSCs at an affordable cost by integrating the QD SnO2 ETL and carbon electrodes.

中文翻译：

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具有SnO2量子点电子传输层的低温处理高效空穴传输层游离碳基平面钙钛矿太阳能电池

摘要 昂贵的空穴传输层 (HTL) 和背接触的使用以及钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 的稳定性问题一直是该技术商业化的不利因素。此外，高温和长时间退火处理的电子传输层（ETL，例如 TiO2）阻碍了柔性太阳能电池在大多数聚合物基板中的应用。在此，我们选择了不含 HTL 的碳电极，因为与贵金属对应物相比，它们的生产成本低且在空气中具有优异的稳定性。在这项工作中，我们使用低温溶液处理的 SnO2 量子点 (QD) 作为 ETL 制造平面 PSC，由于其出色的电子提取和空穴阻挡能力，与高温处理的 ETL 相比具有显着优势。此外，通过集成低成本且稳定的碳电极，在环境条件下，在 1 次阳光照射下，玻璃/In 掺杂的 SnO2/QD-SnO2/钙钛矿/碳器件架构实现了令人印象深刻的 13.64% 的能量转换效率。这项工作通过集成 QD SnO2 ETL 和碳电极，为以可承受的成本实现完全低温处理的可印刷 PSC 铺平了道路。