Abstract Recently, the gas-phase organic ligand extraction of metals from low-grade sources using the fluidized bed reactor (FBR) technique has garnered significant attention owing to its simplicity and advantages in reducing energy costs. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled model including a three-phase Eulerian model, kinetic theory of granular flow model, and reaction kinetics model was proposed to investigate gas-phase extraction processes encountered in an FBR. The developed three-phase CFD coupled model was first validated by comparing the obtained simulation results with the experimental data of cumulative iron extraction at different reaction temperatures and the classical calculated data of the pressure drop. Subsequently, the effects of the inlet gas velocity and particle phase holdup on the extraction were studied. Accordingly, both particle fluidization behaviors and extractive reaction kinetics characteristics were obtained. The simulation results indicated that the mentioned operating conditions significantly affected the distribution of particle phase holdup and subsequently influenced the cumulative iron yield through an extractive reaction. Furthermore, the developed CFD coupled model is beneficial for optimizing gas-phase extractive reaction process in FBRs.

中文翻译：

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流化床反应器气相萃取过程的CFD建模与仿真

摘要 近年来，使用流化床反应器 (FBR) 技术从低品位来源中气相有机配体提取金属由于其简单性和降低能源成本的优势而备受关注。在这项研究中，提出了一种计算流体动力学 (CFD) 耦合模型，包括三相欧拉模型、颗粒流动模型的动力学理论和反应动力学模型，以研究 FBR 中遇到的气相提取过程。通过将获得的模拟结果与不同反应温度下累积铁提取的实验数据和压降的经典计算数据进行比较，首先验证了开发的三相 CFD 耦合模型。随后，研究了入口气体速度和颗粒相滞留量对萃取的影响。因此，获得了颗粒流化行为和萃取反应动力学特征。模拟结果表明，上述操作条件显着影响了颗粒相滞留量的分布，随后通过萃取反应影响了累积铁产量。此外，开发的 CFD 耦合模型有利于优化 FBR 中的气相萃取反应过程。模拟结果表明，上述操作条件显着影响了颗粒相滞留量的分布，随后通过萃取反应影响了累积铁产量。此外，开发的 CFD 耦合模型有利于优化 FBR 中的气相萃取反应过程。模拟结果表明，上述操作条件显着影响了颗粒相滞留量的分布，随后通过萃取反应影响了累积铁产量。此外，开发的 CFD 耦合模型有利于优化 FBR 中的气相萃取反应过程。