Sources and implications of black carbon (BC) and mineral dust (MD) on two glaciers on the central Tibetan Plateau were estimated based on in situ measurements and modeling. The results indicated that BC and MD accounted for ~11 ± 1% and 4 ± 0% of the albedo reduction relative to clean snow, while the radiative forcing varied between 11 and 196 and 1–89 W m−2, respectively. Assessment of BC and MD contributions to the glacier melt can reach up 88 to 434 and 35 to 187 mm w.e., respectively, contributing ~9–23 and 4–10% of the total glacier melt. A footprint analysis indicated that BC and MD deposited on the glaciers originated mainly from the Middle East, Central Asia, North China and South Asia during the study period. Moreover, a potentially large fraction of BC may have originated from local and regional fossil fuel combustion. This study suggests that BC and MD will enhance glacier melt and provides a scientific basis for regional mitigation efforts.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原中部两条冰川的黑碳和矿物尘埃：来源和意义

基于原位测量和建模估计了青藏高原中部两个冰川上黑碳 (BC) 和矿物尘埃 (MD) 的来源和影响。结果表明，相对于干净的雪，BC 和 MD 占反照率降低的约 11 ± 1% 和 4 ± 0%，而辐射强迫在 11 和 196 和 1-89 W m 之间变化-2， 分别。评估 BC 和 MD 对冰川融化的贡献可以分别达到 88 到 434 和 35 到 187 毫米，我们分别贡献了约 9-23% 和 4-10% 的冰川融化总量。足迹分析表明，研究期间冰川上沉积的BC和MD主要起源于中东、中亚、华北和南亚。此外，潜在的大部分 BC 可能来自当地和区域的化石燃料燃烧。这项研究表明，BC 和 MD 将促进冰川融化，并为区域减缓工作提供科学依据。