Surface melt on the coastal Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) determines the viability of its ice shelves and the stability of the grounded ice sheet, but very few in situ melt rate estimates exist to date. Here we present a benchmark dataset of in situ surface melt rates and energy balance from nine sites in the eastern Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and coastal Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, seven of which are located on AIS ice shelves. Meteorological time series from eight automatic and one staffed weather station (Neumayer), ranging in length from 15 months to almost 24 years, serve as input for an energy-balance model to obtain consistent surface melt rates and energy-balance results. We find that surface melt rates exhibit large temporal, spatial and process variability. Intermittent summer melt in coastal DML is primarily driven by absorption of shortwave radiation, while non-summer melt events in the eastern AP occur during föhn events that force a large downward directed turbulent flux of sensible heat. We use the in situ surface melt rate dataset to evaluate melt rates from the regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2 and validate a melt product from the QuikSCAT satellite.

中文翻译：

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原位南极表面融化速率和能量平衡的基准数据集

南极沿海冰盖 (AIS) 的表面融化决定了其冰架的生存能力和接地冰盖的稳定性，但迄今为止很少有现场融化速率估计值。在这里，我们展示了来自南极半岛东部 (AP) 和东南极洲沿海 Dronning Maud Land (DML) 的 9 个地点的原位地表融化速率和能量平衡的基准数据集，其中 7 个位于 AIS 冰架上。来自 8 个自动和 1 个人工气象站 (Neumayer) 的气象时间序列，长度从 15 个月到近 24 年不等，作为能量平衡模型的输入，以获得一致的地表融化速率和能量平衡结果。我们发现表面熔化速率表现出很大的时间、空间和过程可变性。沿海 DML 的间歇性夏季融化主要是由吸收短波辐射驱动的，而东部 AP 的非夏季融化事件发生在迫使显热向下的大湍流通量的 föhn 事件期间。我们使用原位地表融化速率数据集来评估区域大气气候模型 RACMO2 的融化速率，并验证 QuikSCAT 卫星的融化产物。