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Schistosomiasis vaccine development: update on human clinical trials
Journal of Biomedical Science ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 , DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0621-y
Adebayo J. Molehin

Schistosomiasis causes significant levels of morbidity and mortality in many geographical regions of the world. The disease is caused by infections with parasitic blood flukes known as schistosomes. The control of schistosomiasis over the last several decades has been centered on the mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel (PZQ), which is the only drug currently available for treatment. Despite the concerted efforts of MDA programs, the prevalence and transmission of schistosomiasis has remained largely unchecked due to the fact that PZQ is ineffective against juvenile schistosomes, does not prevent re-infection and the emergence of PZQ-resistant parasites. In addition, other measures such as the water, sanitation and hygiene programs and snail intermediate hosts control have had little to no impact. These drawbacks indicate that the current control strategies are severely inadequate at interrupting transmission and therefore, implementation of other control strategies are required. Ideally, an efficient vaccine is what is needed for long term protection thereby eliminating the current efforts of repeated mass drug administration. However, the general consensus in the field is that the integration of a viable vaccine with MDA and other control measures offer the best chance of achieving the goal of schistosomiasis elimination. This review focuses on the present status of schistosomiasis vaccine candidates in different phases of human clinical trials and provide some insight into future vaccine discovery and design.

中文翻译:

血吸虫病疫苗开发:人体临床试验的最新进展

血吸虫病在世界上许多地理区域引起很高的发病率和死亡率。该疾病是由被称为血吸虫的寄生血吸虫感染引起的。在过去的几十年中,血吸虫病的控制集中在吡喹酮(PZQ)的大规模药物管理(MDA)上,吡喹酮是目前唯一可用于治疗的药物。尽管MDA计划做出了共同努力,但由于PZQ对少年血吸虫病无效,不能防止再次感染以及PZQ耐药性寄生虫的出现,血吸虫病的流行和传播仍未得到控制。此外,诸如水,卫生和卫生计划以及蜗牛中间宿主的控制等其他措施几乎没有影响。这些缺点表明,当前的控制策略在中断传输方面严重不足,因此,需要实施其他控制策略。理想地,有效的疫苗是长期保护所需要的,从而消除了目前重复大规模药物给药的努力。但是,该领域的普遍共识是,将可行的疫苗与MDA以及其他控制措施相结合,为实现血吸虫病消除目标提供了最佳机会。这篇综述着重于人类临床试验不同阶段中血吸虫病候选疫苗的现状,并对未来的疫苗发现和设计提供了一些见识。需要执行其他控制策略。理想地,有效的疫苗是长期保护所需要的,从而消除了目前重复大规模药物施用的努力。但是,该领域的普遍共识是,将可行的疫苗与MDA以及其他控制措施相结合,为实现血吸虫病消除目标提供了最佳机会。这篇综述着重于人类临床试验不同阶段中血吸虫病候选疫苗的现状,并对未来的疫苗发现和设计提供了一些见识。需要执行其他控制策略。理想地,有效的疫苗是长期保护所需要的,从而消除了目前重复大规模药物施用的努力。但是,该领域的普遍共识是将可行的疫苗与MDA以及其他控制措施相结合,为实现血吸虫病消除目标提供了最佳机会。这篇综述着重于人类临床试验不同阶段中血吸虫病候选疫苗的现状,并对未来的疫苗发现和设计提供了一些见识。该领域的普遍共识是,将可行的疫苗与MDA以及其他控制措施相结合可为实现血吸虫病消除目标提供最佳机会。这篇综述着重于人类临床试验不同阶段中血吸虫病候选疫苗的现状,并对未来的疫苗发现和设计提供了一些见识。该领域的普遍共识是,将可行的疫苗与MDA以及其他控制措施相结合可为实现血吸虫病消除目标提供最佳机会。这篇综述着重于人类临床试验不同阶段中血吸虫病候选疫苗的现状,并对未来的疫苗发现和设计提供了一些见识。
更新日期:2020-01-22
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