Abstract The damaging effects caused by the penetration of rainwater into building facades require considering for their design the exposure to the two main climatic factors inducing this penetration: wind-driven rain and the simultaneous wind pressure. The characterisation of these exposures for each possible facade orientation of a building requires analysing exhaustive wind direction records, which significantly increases the calculation effort and prevents calculation in locations without such records. This study examines the possibility to avoid this directional analysis, equally obtaining a functional and reliable exposure characterisation. For this purpose, daily climatic datasets were analysed from 920 weather stations subjected to various environmental and topographic conditions in Mexico, Norway and Spain, and the directional and scalar exposures to wind-driven rain and driving-rain wind pressure were determined at each location. The results show that the maximum directional exposure can be adequately approximated using the scalar exposure value, without the use of wind direction records. Considering the usual constructive practice of using a single facade design for the entire building, this simple and functional characterisation of the expected exposure on the most unfavourable orientation provides a significant support for the design decisions of practitioners.

中文翻译：

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避免在立面设计中定向确定雨水渗透的需要

摘要 雨水渗入建筑外墙造成的破坏性影响需要在设计时考虑暴露于导致这种渗入的两个主要气候因素：风驱动的雨水和同时存在的风压。对建筑物每个可能的立面方向的这些暴露进行表征需要分析详尽的风向记录，这会显着增加计算工作量并阻止在没有此类记录的位置进行计算。本研究检验了避免这种定向分析的可能性，同时获得功能性和可靠的暴露特征。为此，对墨西哥、挪威和西班牙 920 个受各种环境和地形条件影响的气象站的日常气候数据集进行了分析，并确定了每个位置对风驱动雨和驱动雨风压的定向和标量暴露。结果表明，使用标量暴露值可以充分近似最大方向暴露，而无需使用风向记录。考虑到对整个建筑使用单一立面设计的通常建设性实践，这种对最不利方向的预期暴露的简单和功能表征为从业者的设计决策提供了重要支持。