This article presents a unified probabilistic framework that allows both rational and irrational decision making to be theoretically investigated and simulated in classical and quantum games. Rational choice theory is a basic component of game theoretic models, which assumes that a decision maker chooses the best action according to their preferences. In this article, we define irrationality as a deviation from a rational choice. Bistable probabilities are proposed as a principled and straight forward means for modeling irrational decision making in games. Bistable variants of classical and quantum Prisoner's Dilemma, Stag Hunt and Chicken are analyzed in order to assess the effect of irrationality on agent utility and Nash equilibria. It was found that up to three Nash equilibria exist for all three classical bistable games and maximal utility was attained when agents were rational. Up to three Nash equilibria exist for all three quantum bistable games, however, utility was shown to increase according to higher levels of agent irrationality.

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双稳态概率：研究经典和量子博弈中的理性和非理性的统一框架

本文提出了一个统一的概率框架，允许在经典和量子游戏中对理性和非理性决策进行理论研究和模拟。理性选择理论是博弈论模型的基本组成部分，它假设决策者根据自己的偏好选择最佳行动。在本文中，我们将非理性定义为对理性选择的偏离。双稳态概率被提议作为一种有原则且直接的方法，用于对游戏中的非理性决策进行建模。分析经典和量子囚徒困境、雄鹿狩猎和鸡的双稳态变体，以评估非理性对代理效用和纳什均衡的影响。发现所有三个经典双稳态博弈都存在多达三个纳什均衡，并且当代理人是理性的时，可以获得最大效用。所有三个量子双稳态博弈都存在多达三个纳什均衡，然而，效用显示出根据更高水平的代理非理性而增加。