The poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide intelligent hydrogel actuators with high mechanical strength and efficient temperature responses were successfully prepared via molding and three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Addition of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) effectively improved the crosslinking density and viscosity of hydrogels, enhancing the mechanical strength and 3D printable property. Based on sufficient polymerization on interface, bilayer hydrogel actuator prepared via molding exhibited efficient bending/unbending deformations. Bending degree in poikilothermy temperature ranging from 25°C to 55°C was higher than that in constant temperature of 55°C. Inspired by the rheology regulation of NFC, 3D printing intelligent hydrogel actuators with NFC content of 10 mg/mL were polymerized efficiently by ultraviolet irradiation. Self‐driven deformation characteristics of 3D printed intelligent hydrogels actuators were regulated via printing parameters including angle, width and length ratio and filling rate of the layered network structure model. The prepared hydrogel material system with molding and 3D printing ability provided material candidates for design and preparation of intelligent soft actuator and robot.

中文翻译：

---

通过成型和3D打印制备的温度驱动水凝胶致动器的智能变形特性研究

该聚ñ通过模塑和三维（3D）打印成功制备了具有高机械强度和有效温度响应的异丙基丙烯酰胺智能水凝胶促动器。纳米原纤化纤维素（NFC）的添加可有效改善水凝胶的交联密度和粘度，从而提高机械强度和3D可打印性。基于界面上的充分聚合，通过模塑制备的双层水凝胶致动器表现出有效的弯曲/未弯曲变形。温度在25℃至55℃范围内的弯曲度高于55℃的恒定温度下的弯曲度。受NFC流变学规律的启发，通过紫外线辐照有效聚合了NFC含量为10 mg / mL的3D打印智能水凝胶致动器。通过打印参数（包括角度，宽度和长度比以及分层网络结构模型的填充率）来调节3D打印智能水凝胶促动器的自驱动变形特性。准备好的具有成型和3D打印能力的水凝胶材料系统为智能软执行器和机器人的设计和制备提供了材料候选。