This work presents an overview of the multiple aperture synthetic aperture radar interferometric (MAI) technique, which is primarily used to measure the along-track components of the Earth’s surface deformation, by investigating its capabilities and potential applications. Such a method is widely used to monitor the time evolution of ground surface changes in areas with large deformations (e.g., due to glaciers movements or seismic episodes), permitting one to discriminate the three-dimensional (up–down, east–west, north–south) components of the Earth’s surface displacements. The MAI technique relies on the spectral diversity (SD) method, which consists of splitting the azimuth (range) Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) signal spectrum into separate sub-bands to get an estimate of the surface displacement along the azimuth (sensor line-of-sight (LOS)) direction. Moreover, the SD techniques are also used to correct the atmospheric phase screen (APS) artefacts (e.g., the ionospheric and water vapor phase distortion effects) that corrupt surface displacement time-series obtained by currently available multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) tools. More recently, the SD methods have also been exploited for the fine co-registration of SAR data acquired with the Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode. This work is primarily devoted to illustrating the underlying rationale and effectiveness of the MAI and SD techniques as well as their applications. In addition, we present an innovative method to combine complementary information of the ground deformation collected from multi-orbit/multi-track satellite observations. In particular, the presented technique complements the recently developed Minimum Acceleration combination (MinA) method with MAI-driven azimuthal ground deformation measurements to obtain the time-series of the 3-D components of the deformation in areas affected by large deformation episodes. Experimental results encompass several case studies. The validity and relevance of the presented approaches are clearly demonstrated in the context of geospatial analyses.

中文翻译：

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多孔径SAR干涉术（MAI）技术用于检测大地面位移动力学：概述

这项工作概述了多孔径合成孔径雷达干涉测量（MAI）技术，该技术主要用于通过研究其功能和潜在应用来测量地球表面变形的沿轨道成分。这种方法被广泛用于监测大变形区域（例如，由于冰川运动或地震事件）引起的地表变化的时间演变，从而可以区分三维（上下，东西，北）。 －南）地球表面位移的分量。MAI技术依赖于频谱分集（SD）方法，其中包括将方位角（范围）“合成孔径雷达”（SAR）信号频谱划分为多个单独的子带，以获取沿方位角（传感器视线（LOS））方向的表面位移的估算值。此外，SD技术还用于校正破坏当前通过多时间InSAR（MT-InSAR）获得的表面位移时间序列的大气相屏蔽（APS）伪像（例如，电离层和水蒸气相畸变效应）。工具。最近，SD方法还被用于通过“逐行扫描地形观察”（TOPS）模式获取的SAR数据的精细共配准。这项工作主要致力于说明MAI和SD技术及其应用的基本原理和有效性。此外，我们提出了一种创新的方法，可以结合从多轨道/多轨道卫星观测中收集的地面变形的补充信息。尤其是，本文提出的技术通过MAI驱动的方位角地面变形测量对最近开发的最小加速度组合（MinA）方法进行了补充，以获取受大型变形事件影响的区域中变形的3-D分量的时间序列。实验结果包括几个案例研究。所提出方法的有效性和相关性在地理空间分析的背景下得到了明确证明。提出的技术通过MAI驱动的方位角地面变形测量值对最近开发的最小加速度组合（MinA）方法进行了补充，以获取受大型变形事件影响的区域中变形3-D分量的时间序列。实验结果包括几个案例研究。所提出方法的有效性和相关性在地理空间分析的背景下得到了明确证明。提出的技术通过MAI驱动的方位角地面变形测量对最近开发的最小加速度组合（MinA）方法进行了补充，以获取受大变形事件影响的区域中变形的3-D分量的时间序列。实验结果包括几个案例研究。所提出方法的有效性和相关性在地理空间分析的背景下得到了明确证明。