Carbonization is a low-temperature thermochemical process that converts organic matter in the absence of oxygen mainly into char, gas, and liquids. Bio-coke is a char prepared from a mixture of biomass/charcoal and a coal blend and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing coke and reducing coal consumption in the ironmaking process. In this study, the carbonization characteristics such as char conversion, gas and tar composition of bio-coke were determined using a batch-type carbonization reactor. Yellow poplar wood used as a biomass was added to a coking coal in different ratios (0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt%) and the resulting raw bio-coke was carbonized at different final temperatures (500–800 °C). The calorific value of bio-coke was higher than 7,000 kcal/kg, exceeding the standard value. Moreover, the initiation combustion temperature of the resultant bio-coke determined using TGA was in the range of 400–600 °C. It is concluded that bio-coke is a suitable substitute for conventional fossil fuels reducing CO₂ emissions.

碳化是一种低温热化学过程，它在不存在氧气的情况下将有机物主要转化为炭，气体和液体。生物焦是一种由生物质/木炭和煤的混合物制成的炭，可通过在炼铁过程中替代焦炭并减少煤炭消耗来减少温室气体排放。在这项研究中，使用分批式碳化反应器测定了焦炭的碳化特性，例如焦炭转化率，气体和焦炭的焦油组成。将用作生物质的黄杨木以不同的比例（0、10、15、20和30 wt％）添加到炼焦煤中，并在不同的最终温度（500–800°C）下将生成的生生物焦炭碳化。生物焦的热值高于7,000 kcal / kg，超过了标准值。此外，使用TGA测定的所得生物焦的初始燃烧温度在400–600°C的范围内。结论是生物焦炭是常规化石燃料减少二氧化碳的合适替代品₂排放。