Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an acute respiratory disease that can lead to respiratory failure and death. Previous epidemics of novel coronavirus diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), were associated with similar clinical features and outcomes. One might anticipate that patients with chronic respiratory diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, would be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and more severe presentations of COVID-19. However, it is striking that both diseases appear to be under-represented in the comorbidities reported for patients with COVID-19, compared with the global burden of disease estimates of the prevalence of these conditions in the general population (); a similar pattern was seen with SARS. By contrast, the prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 or SARS is as high as or higher than the estimated national prevalence, as might be expected.

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慢性呼吸道疾病或其治疗是否会影响SARS-CoV-2感染的风险？

由新型严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）是一种急性呼吸道疾病，可导致呼吸衰竭和死亡。以前的新型冠状病毒疾病（如严重急性呼吸道综合症（SARS）和中东呼吸综合症（MERS））的流行与相似的临床特征和结局相关。可以预见的是，患有慢性呼吸道疾病，尤其是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和哮喘的患者，SARS-CoV-2感染的风险会更高，而COVID-19的表现更严重。但是，令人惊讶的是，在报道的COVID-19患者合并症中，这两种疾病的代表性均不足，与全球疾病负担相比，这些疾病在普通人群中的患病率估计值（）；SARS也有类似的情况。相比之下，COVID-19或SARS患者的糖尿病患病率与预期的全国患病率一样高或更高。