Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy,JAMA

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Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy
JAMA ( IF 120.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 , DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.5394
Giacomo Grasselli _{1,

2} , Alberto Zangrillo _{3,

4} , Alberto Zanella _{1,

2} , Massimo Antonelli _{5,

6} , Luca Cabrini ₇ , Antonio Castelli ₈ , Danilo Cereda ₉ , Antonio Coluccello ₁₀ , Giuseppe Foti _{11,

12} , Roberto Fumagalli ₁₁ , Giorgio Iotti ₁₃ , Nicola Latronico _{14,

15} , Luca Lorini ₁₆ , Stefano Merler ₁₇ , Giuseppe Natalini ₁₈ , Alessandra Piatti ₇ , Marco Vito Ranieri ₁₉ , Anna Mara Scandroglio ₃ , Enrico Storti ₂₀ , Maurizio Cecconi _{21,

22} , Antonio Pesenti _{1,

2} ,

Affiliation

Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione ed Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy.
Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Università degli Studi dell'Insubria and Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Polo Universitario, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
DG Welfare, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Cremona - Ospedale di Cremona, Cremona, Italy.
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy.
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Dipartimento Emergenza Urgenza, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST, Lodi, Italy.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.

Importance In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) emerged in China and has spread globally, creating a pandemic. Information about the clinical characteristics of infected patients who require intensive care is limited. Objective To characterize patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy region of Italy. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective case series of 1591 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 referred for ICU admission to the coordinator center (Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network and treated at one of the ICUs of the 72 hospitals in this network between February 20 and March 18, 2020. Date of final follow-up was March 25, 2020. Exposures SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swabs. Main Outcomes and Measures Demographic and clinical data were collected, including data on clinical management, respiratory failure, and patient mortality. Data were recorded by the coordinator center on an electronic worksheet during telephone calls by the staff of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Results Of the 1591 patients included in the study, the median (IQR) age was 63 (56-70) years and 1304 (82%) were male. Of the 1043 patients with available data, 709 (68%) had at least 1 comorbidity and 509 (49%) had hypertension. Among 1300 patients with available respiratory support data, 1287 (99% [95% CI, 98%-99%]) needed respiratory support, including 1150 (88% [95% CI, 87%-90%]) who received mechanical ventilation and 137 (11% [95% CI, 9%-12%]) who received noninvasive ventilation. The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 14 (IQR, 12-16) cm H2O, and Fio2 was greater than 50% in 89% of patients. The median Pao2/Fio2 was 160 (IQR, 114-220). The median PEEP level was not different between younger patients (n = 503 aged ≤63 years) and older patients (n = 514 aged ≥64 years) (14 [IQR, 12-15] vs 14 [IQR, 12-16] cm H2O, respectively; median difference, 0 [95% CI, 0-0]; P = .94). Median Fio2 was lower in younger patients: 60% (IQR, 50%-80%) vs 70% (IQR, 50%-80%) (median difference, -10% [95% CI, -14% to 6%]; P = .006), and median Pao2/Fio2 was higher in younger patients: 163.5 (IQR, 120-230) vs 156 (IQR, 110-205) (median difference, 7 [95% CI, -8 to 22]; P = .02). Patients with hypertension (n = 509) were older than those without hypertension (n = 526) (median [IQR] age, 66 years [60-72] vs 62 years [54-68]; P < .001) and had lower Pao2/Fio2 (median [IQR], 146 [105-214] vs 173 [120-222]; median difference, -27 [95% CI, -42 to -12]; P = .005). Among the 1581 patients with ICU disposition data available as of March 25, 2020, 920 patients (58% [95% CI, 56%-61%]) were still in the ICU, 256 (16% [95% CI, 14%-18%]) were discharged from the ICU, and 405 (26% [95% CI, 23%-28%]) had died in the ICU. Older patients (n = 786; age ≥64 years) had higher mortality than younger patients (n = 795; age ≤63 years) (36% vs 15%; difference, 21% [95% CI, 17%-26%]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this case series of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in Lombardy, Italy, the majority were older men, a large proportion required mechanical ventilation and high levels of PEEP, and ICU mortality was 26%.

更新日期：2020-04-28

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