This study presents the response of twill glass fiber-epoxy laminates enhanced with different nanomaterials (0.5 wt%) subjected to high-velocity ice impact. The mechanical properties and ice impact performance of specimens were evaluated on different nanomaterials. The effect of the amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes (AFCNTs) on the ice impact behaviour was studied. To investigate the effect of manufacturing method of nano-glass fiber-epoxy laminated plates, hand lay-up and vacuum infusion process (VIP) were employed, and ice impact resistance of the laminated plates was measured by high-velocity (138 m/s) ice impact tests. The VIP method resulted in inappropriate distribution of nanomaterial into epoxy resin, therefore hand lay-up method was selected for manufacturing of the laminated plates reinforced with nanomaterials. Moreover, 9.2 g cylindrical ice impactor with flat, hemispherical and conical tips was manufactured to investigate the effect of ice impactor nose shapes in the same level of energy (96.7 J). The failure modes and damage area were reported for all specimens. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to describe morphology of nanomaterials on laminated plates. The results showed that the damage formation in specimens depends on the type of nanomaterial used. It was concluded that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes improved the ice impact response by restricting the damage area in laminated plates. A significant decrease in the absorbed energy capability of specimen with AFCNTs was observed under ice impact loading. The conical ice projectile provided a lower level of damage compared to the hemispherical and flat ice projectiles.

中文翻译：

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采用不同纳米材料增强的层状复合材料的具有冰冲击响应的冰雹撞击器形状：一种实验方法

这项研究提出了斜纹玻璃纤维-环氧树脂层压板在高速冰冲击下增强了不同纳米材料（0.5 wt％）的响应性。在不同的纳米材料上评估了样品的机械性能和冰冲击性能。研究了胺官能化碳纳米管（AFCNTs）对冰撞击行为的影响。为了研究纳米玻璃纤维-环氧树脂层压板的制造方法的效果，采用手工铺层和真空灌注工艺（VIP），并通过高速（138 m / s）测量了层压板的抗冰冲击性）冰冲击试验。VIP方法导致纳米材料不适当地分布到环氧树脂中，因此选择手工铺层法来制造用纳米材料增强的层压板。而且9。制造了2 g带有扁平，半球形和圆锥形尖端的圆柱形冰撞击器，以研究在相同能量水平（96.7 J）下撞击冰头形状的影响。报告了所有样品的破坏模式和破坏区域。扫描电子显微镜用于描述层压板上纳米材料的形貌。结果表明，样品中的损伤形成取决于所用纳米材料的类型。结论是，多壁碳纳米管通过限制层压板的损伤面积来改善冰冲击响应。在冰冲击载荷下，观察到带有AFCNT的样品的吸收能量能力显着下降。与半球形和扁平冰弹相比，圆锥形冰弹提供的损伤程度更低。制造了半球形和锥形尖端，以研究在相同能量水平下（96.7 J）冰撞击器鼻形的影响。报告了所有样品的破坏模式和破坏区域。扫描电子显微镜用于描述层压板上纳米材料的形貌。结果表明，样品中的损伤形成取决于所用纳米材料的类型。结论是，多壁碳纳米管通过限制层压板的损伤面积来改善冰冲击响应。在冰冲击载荷下，观察到带有AFCNT的样品的吸收能量能力显着下降。与半球形和扁平冰弹相比，圆锥形冰弹的破坏程度更低。制造了半球形和锥形尖端，以研究在相同能量水平下（96.7 J）冰撞击器鼻形的影响。报告了所有样品的破坏模式和破坏区域。扫描电子显微镜用于描述层压板上纳米材料的形貌。结果表明，样品中的损伤形成取决于所用纳米材料的类型。结论是，多壁碳纳米管通过限制层压板的损伤面积来改善冰冲击响应。在冰冲击载荷下，观察到带有AFCNT的样品的吸收能量能力显着下降。与半球形和扁平冰弹相比，圆锥形冰弹提供的损伤程度更低。