Recently, carbon allotropes have received tremendous research interest and paved a new avenue for optical fiber sensing technology. Carbon allotropes exhibit unique sensing properties such as large surface to volume ratios, biocompatibility, and they can serve as molecule enrichers. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess a high degree of surface modification versatility that enables the incorporation of carbon allotropes as the functional coating for a wide range of detection tasks. Moreover, the combination of carbon allotropes and optical fibers also yields high sensitivity and specificity to monitor target molecules in the vicinity of the nanocoating surface. In this review, the development of carbon allotropes-based optical fiber sensors is studied. The first section provides an overview of four different types of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, and nanodiamonds. The second section discusses the synthesis approaches used to prepare these carbon allotropes, followed by some deposition techniques to functionalize the surface of the optical fiber, and the associated sensing mechanisms. Numerous applications that have benefitted from carbon allotrope-based optical fiber sensors such as temperature, strain, volatile organic compounds and biosensing applications are reviewed and summarized. Finally, a concluding section highlighting the technological deficiencies, challenges, and suggestions to overcome them is presented.

中文翻译：

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基于碳同素异形体的用于环境和生物传感的光纤：综述。

近年来，碳同素异形体已经引起了极大的研究兴趣，并为光纤传感技术开辟了一条新途径。碳同素异形体表现出独特的传感特性，例如大的表面体积比，生物相容性，它们可以用作分子富集剂。同时，光纤具有高度的表面改性多功能性，能够将碳同素异形体作为功能性涂层用于各种检测任务。此外，碳同素异形体和光纤的组合还产生高灵敏度和特异性，以监测纳米涂层表面附近的靶分子。在这篇综述中，研究了基于碳同素异形体的光纤传感器的开发。第一部分概述了四种不同类型的碳同素异形体，包括碳纳米管，碳点，石墨烯和纳米金刚石。第二部分讨论了用于制备这些碳同素异形体的合成方法，然后讨论了一些使光纤表面功能化的沉积技术以及相关的传感机制。对基于碳同素异形体的光纤传感器的许多应用（例如温度，应变，挥发性有机化合物和生物传感应用）进行了综述和总结。最后，总结部分重点介绍了技术缺陷，挑战和克服这些缺陷的建议。其次是一些沉积技术，以使光纤表面及其相关的传感机制功能化。对基于碳同素异形体的光纤传感器的许多应用（例如温度，应变，挥发性有机化合物和生物传感应用）进行了综述和总结。最后，总结部分重点介绍了技术缺陷，挑战和克服这些缺陷的建议。其次是一些沉积技术，以使光纤表面及其相关的传感机制功能化。对基于碳同素异形体的光纤传感器的许多应用（例如温度，应变，挥发性有机化合物和生物传感应用）进行了综述和总结。最后，总结部分重点介绍了技术缺陷，挑战和克服这些缺陷的建议。