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Arsenic contamination assessment in Brazil - Past, present and future concerns: A historical and critical review.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138217
Mônica Cristina Teixeira 1 , Alcylane Caldeira Santos 2 , Carla Silva Fernandes 2 , Jack Chakmeng Ng 3
Affiliation  

This paper presents a summary of some relevant documents published during the last decades regarding arsenic contamination in Brazil until December 2018, including scientific papers, reports and regulatory documents. Natural and anthropogenic arsenic sources were covered, excluding those related to agriculture. International "key" documents related to arsenic contamination were used to support the discussion and comparative analysis. This paper aims: (a) to summarize and discuss some available data (including Portuguese written documents) concerning arsenic contamination in Brazil, mainly geographical, geological, geochemical, environmental and health studies; (b) to critically review the published studies comparing their main findings; (c) to describe and compare ancient and recent contamination events; and (d) to highlight key knowledge gaps, and identify promising areas for future researches. The arsenic contamination scenario in Brazil results not only from mining. Natural or anthropogenic emissions caused by great magnitude phenomena as flooding, erosion, landslide and, water scarcity equally impact arsenic mobilization/immobilization equilibria. Our literature review demonstrates that arsenic contamination of soils, sediments and water sources is observed at least at three of the five geographically defined Brazilian regions (Northern, Southern and, Southeastern regions). Arsenic enriched soils, and waters naturally occur all around the country and anthropogenic activities have been the main contributory factor to the environmental contamination since the 18th Century. Geogenic materials (topsoil and mining tailings), and water samples could contain extremely high arsenic concentrations, i.e. 21,000 mg kg-1 or 1,700,000 μg L-1, respectively, have been found mainly at the "Iron Quadrangle". Moreover, if we consider both the Brazilian and international parameters, the health risks associated with the human exposition to arsenic are of significant concern. For those reasons, constant monitoring of As contaminated areas in Brazil is mandatory. Furthermore, it is necessary to learn from the mistakes made in the past in order to prevent or minimize future problems.

中文翻译:

巴西的砷污染评估-过去,现在和将来的担忧:历史和重要的回顾。

本文总结了截至2018年12月的过去几十年中有关巴西砷污染的一些相关文件,包括科学论文,报告和法规文件。涵盖了自然和人为来源的砷,但与农业有关的除外。与砷污染有关的国际“关键”文件被用来支持讨论和比较分析。本文旨在:(a)总结和讨论一些有关巴西砷污染的现有数据(包括葡萄牙书面文件),主要是地理,地质,地球化学,环境和健康研究;(b)严格审查已发表的研究,比较其主要发现;(c)描述和比较古代和最近的污染事件;(d)突出关键的知识差距,并为未来的研究确定有希望的领域。巴西的砷污染情景不仅来自采矿。由洪水,侵蚀,滑坡和缺水等严重现象引起的自然或人为排放同样会影响砷的动员/固定化平衡。我们的文献综述表明,至少在五个地理上确定的巴西地区(北部,南部和东南部地区)中的三个观察到土壤,沉积物和水源的砷污染。富含砷的土壤和水自然遍布全国,自18世纪以来,人为活动一直是造成环境污染的主要因素。地质材料(表土和采矿尾矿),水样品中的砷浓度可能非常高,即主要在“铁四边形”处发现了21,000 mg kg-1或1,700,000μgL-1。而且,如果我们同时考虑巴西和国际参数,那么人体暴露于砷中所带来的健康风险就成为一个重大问题。由于这些原因,必须对巴西的As污染地区进行持续监测。此外,有必要从过去的错误中学习,以防止或最小化未来的问题。与人体暴露于砷有关的健康风险受到极大关注。由于这些原因,必须对巴西的As污染地区进行持续监测。此外,有必要从过去的错误中学习,以防止或最小化未来的问题。与人体暴露于砷有关的健康风险受到极大关注。由于这些原因,必须对巴西的As污染地区进行持续监测。此外,有必要从过去的错误中学习,以防止或最小化未来的问题。
更新日期:2020-04-06
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